Study On The Physique Characteristics And Genetic Characteristics Of Yao Nationality In Guangxi

In order to study the physical anthropology and population genetics characteristics of Yao nationality,in late April 2017,our research group went to Shiping Yao village and other eight villages in Yao autonomous county township Gongcheng Guilin Guangxi,four villages in Dayaoshan Yao autonomous county Jinxiu Laibin.Researching 1195 cases of Yao nationality adults(male 534 examples,female 661 examples)which includes 60 indicators of body mass index,18 indicators of body composition measurement and investigation of 12 indicators of observation index.The results are as follows:(1)the Yao nationality in Guangxi are mostly with the straight form in slant of the forehead,upper eyelid folds,no more Mongolia fold,highly more narrow opening height of eyelits,horizontal direction of eyelits,medium nasal root height,straight dorsal profile,upturned nasal base,ransverse maximum diameter of nostril,medium breadth of alae nasi,medium zygomatic projection,triangular lobes,straight Upper lip profile,medium upper lip skin height straight under jaw is also higher.The occurrence rate of breadth of alae nasi is also higher.The comparison between genders shows that the Yao males in Guangxi have a more inclined forehead and broad nose alae,while the females have a more straight forehead and wide nose alae.The Yao in Guangxi has the main characteristics of the Mongolian race according to the index of the head and face.(2)According to the mean of the index,both men and women of Yao in Guangxi are wide shoulder,Wide crista iliaca,pyknic and short,men are of long trunk,subbrachyskelic,medium chest circumference,women are of medium trunk mesatiskelic,medium chest circumference.Yao people in Guangxi have wide shoulders and pelvis,body are short and stout.(3)The average values of eight indexes such as head circumference,waist circumference and chest circumference of Yao nationality in Guangxi are all higher than those of females,and the Vervaeck index of females was higher than that of males.The horizontal head circumference,hip circumference,thigh circumference,calf circumference,biceps circumference maximum biceps circumference,maximum forearm circumference,and Vervaeck index of Yao nationality in Guangxi decreased linearly with age.The Erisman index increases with age.With the increase of age,the average of 7 indexes such as head circumference,hip circumference and thigh circumference decreased linearly.The waist circumference increased linearly with the value of Erisman index.Guangxi Yao men have a larger circumference.(4)The biceps skin folds of Guangxi Yao nationality gradually thickened with age,the anterior superior spine skin fold gradually thinner.while the triceps skin folds of female gradually thickened,and the suprailiac skin fold and anterior superior spine skin fold show a thinner trend.The adult skin fold thickness of Yao nationality is close to that of the southern ethnic group,but close to that of the Zhuang-Dong ethnic group.The adult skin fold thickness of Yao nationality has the characteristics of the Mongoloids of southern-Asia type.(5)The somatotype of Guangxi Yao males is 4.1-5.1-1.7,which belongs to the Endomorphic Mesomorph.The somatotype of females is 5.9-4.9-1.1,belonging to the Mesomorph Endomorph.The degree of muscle and bone development of Male is superior to female,body linearity is better,body fullness is less than female,the fat development of female is better than male.Compared with other ethnic groups,the subcutaneous fat of Guangxi Yao males is abundant,and the degree of bone and muscle development is medium to low,while the degree of fat,bone,muscle development and linearity of body in Guangxi Yao women are medium.(6)With age,Guangxi Yao men body weight,stature,total body muscle mass,estimated bone mass,body mass index,right upper limb muscle mass,percentage of left upper limb Fat,left upper limb muscle mass and trunk muscle mass decreased,while physiological age and water percentage increased gradually.Women's weight,stature,body fat percentage,total body muscle mass,estimated bone mass,body mass index,calories,percentage of right upper limb fat,percentage of left upper limb fat,left upper limb muscle mass,percentage of right lower limb fat,percentage of trunk fat,trunk muscle mass totally 12 indicators decreases with age,physiological age and water rate and age increases with age.The adult body fat percentage of Yao nationality is within the normal range.The level of visceral fat in men is visceral obese,and that in women is normal.(7)Compare the Yao nationality in two areas,There are 9 indexes in Guilin Yao adults are greater than Yao in Laibin,which are maximum head length,interocular breadth,morphological facial height,nasal height,physiognomic ear length,physiognomic ear breadth,stature,sitting height,lower extremity length.While the Maximum head length,Maximum head breadth,Minimum frontal breadth,bizygomatic breadth,interocular breadth,external biocular breadth,nasal breadth,lip height,crista iliaca breadth,chest circumference,body weight of the Yao in Guilin are less than those of the Laibin adults,and the facial height and the average head circumference.The auricular height,height of suprasteral notch above sitting plane,upper extremity length of the,the physiognomic facial height,horizontal head circumference of Guilin females is higher than those of the Laibin females.The head height above the ears.There is no significant difference in the mouth breadth,physiognomic facial height,horizontal head circumference of male,and nasal breadth,mouth breadth,auricular height,height of suprasteral notch above sitting plane,upper extremity length of female.In general,the heads of Yao adults in Guilin are longer,narrower and narrower,Narrow face,lower lips,higher nose,smaller chest,narrower pelvis,taller figure.The Yao of Guilin and Laibin are of Mesocephaly,hypsicephalic mesorrhiny,short.Guilin Yao adults and Laibin Yao females mostly with acrocephalic,Laibin Yao males mainly with the metriocephalic.the occurrence rate of most head and face indexes of Yao nationality in the two regions is similar,but the mongoloid fold of Yao nationality in Guilin is more developed than that in Laibin,and the opening height of eyeslits is mostly narrow.The medium opening height of eyeslits,external angle direction of eyeslits,midium breadth of alae nasi,and the thin thickness of lips is lower than that in Laibin.There was no significant difference in the horizontal head circumference of Yao males in the two areas.The horizontal head circumference of Yao women in Guilin is larger than that of women in Laibin.The circumference of body and limbs of Yao adults in Guilin are smaller than that of Laibin,and the muscle development of upper limbs of Yao adults in Laibin is better.The thickness of male biceps skin fold,subscapular skin fold,suprailiac skin fold,anterior superior spine skin fold and Medial calf skin fold of Yao nationality in Guilin are smaller than that in Laibin,while that of female biceps skin folds is smaller than that of Laibin Yao.In both regions the skin fold thickness of the trunk is the largest,the skin fold thickness of the iliac crest is the largest,the fat development of the trunk is better than that of the extremities,and the fat of the waist and abdomen is thicker.Except for stature and percentge of body water,the other 17 indexes of Yao nationality in Guilin are lower than those of Laibin Yao nationality,and the average adult body fat percentage of Yao nationality in Guilin and Laibin is in the normal range.The BMI of Yao adults in Guilin is in the normal range,while that of Laibin is overweight.The levels of visceral fat of Guilin and Laibin Yao are above the standard,while the levels of visceral fat of Yao in Laibin are within the normal range.In general,the body fat percentage and body weight of Yao nationality in Laibin are higher than that in Guilin,and the fat development level is higher.(8)The physical characteristics of Yao nationality in Guangxi is the most similar to the Guangxi Zhuang nationality,more close to the Guizhou Bouyei nationality,the Yunnan Dulong nationality,the Guizhou Dong nationality,the Guizhou Miao nationality and the Guangxi Mulao nationality.Yao females is the most similar to the Guangxi Mulao nationality,Guizhou Bouyei nationality,and more close to the Guizhou Miao nationality,Guangxi Zhuang nationality and Guizhou Dong nationality.Males of Yao nationality in Guangxi are characterized by short and narrow heads,narrow forehead,narrow nose,short height and sitting height,and narrow pelvis width,females are characterized by short and narrow heads,narrow faces,narrow noses,wide mouth fissure and inner Angle of eyes,and short height and sitting height.The physical characteristics of Yao nationality in Guangxi have the characteristics of southern-Asia type.(9)The rate of tongue twisting in males is higher than that in females,and the rate of tongue rolling and tongue pointing is lower than that in females.There was no correlation between the three types of tongue movement types,and the occurrence rate of the three types of tongue movement of Yao nationality in Guangxi is close to that of Guizhou Miao nationality.There is a strong correlation among adults of Yao nationality in Guangxi,and the three asymmetrical behaviors of Yao nationality in Guangxi are close to those of Dong nationality and Miao nationality in Guizhou.Generally speaking,the genetic characteristics of Yao ethnic group in Guangxi are similar to those of southern ethnic groups,showing the characteristics of South-Asian ethnic groups.Conclusion: The physical characteristics and genetic characteristics of Yao nationality in Guangxi are similar to Zhuang-Dong ethnic groups and other southern ethnic groups,and their physical characteristics belong to the Mongoloids of southern-Asia type.There are no significant difference in Most head and facial features between Yao nationality in Guilin and Laibin.The Yao nationality in Laibin is shorter,with a higher obesity degree,larger body circumference and thicker skin fold.