Effects Of Salinized Soil Improvement On Growing Development And Quality Of Forage Rape

[Objective] The soil salinization and secondary salinization are severe in southern Xinjiang,the technology of wheat single cropping and multiple cropping is backward,and the lack of animal husbandry and forage in winter leads to a decline in the fertility conditions of the cultivated land in this region,and the low economic benefits of farmers' land and income.In response to this problem,this paper uses high-quality hybrid rape variety "Huayouza 62" as the test material to carry out research on the cultivation technology of rape(forage)with different levels of saline-alkali soil,and analyzes the physical and chemical properties of the soil by applying chemical fertilizers,organic fertilizers,gypsum and polyacrylamide characteristics,growth and development of rapeseed and the effects of rapeseed feeding quality.The results of the study are expected to provide a theoretical basis for improving the utilization efficiency of cultivated land resources in southern Xinjiang,effectively alleviating the supply of silage forage in winter animal husbandry,and the technology promotion of post-wheat reseed rape.[Methods] In this experiment,Brassica napus Huayouza 62 was used as the test material,three different soil salt content gradients were set(T1: 1.39,T2: 4.59 and T3: 9.04 g/kg),and different modified materials were used for conventional fertilization(G1),conventional fertilization + organic fertilizer(G2),conventional fertilization + gypsum(G3),conventional fertilization + polyacrylamide(G4)and control(G5)were tested.After treatment,the soil EC,p H,aggregate composition,rape moisture content,plant height,dry matter accumulation,MDA,soluble sugar content,SPAD value,anti-oxidation at different stages of rapeseed(seedling stage,bud stage,blooming stage)were determined.The activities of enzymes(SOD,POD,CAT)and feed quality of rape(crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,crude fiber)mainly obtained the following research results: [Conclusion](1)The combination of conventional fertilization and improved substances can improve the chemical properties of the soil,and can significantly reduce the salt content in the soil.The soil p H is maintained between 7.51 and 8.20;under low-salt environment,organic fertilizer,gypsum and polymer The decrease of salt content in acrylamide treatment was all above 29.62%.In the medium salt environment,the salt content of gypsum and PAM(Polyacrylamide)treatment decreased significantly,with a decrease of more than 46.11%.Under heavy salt environment,the maximum decrease in salt content of organic fertilizer treatment was 38.14%.The reduction effect of soil salt content between treatments was: gypsum>organic fertilizer>PAM>conventional fertilization>control.(2)Routine fertilization and improved material treatment promoted the mutual conversion of aggregates in the soil to a certain extent.In a low-salt environment,the soil aggregates treated with organic fertilizers transformed from small-grain grade(<0.25 mm)to medium-grain grade(0.25-2.00 mm)aggregates to 51.79%.The soil aggregates treated with gypsum and polyacrylamide were transformed from small and medium-sized to large-sized to 21.53% and 22.63%.Under the medium salt environment,the changes of the aggregates in the soil showed the same trend as those in the low salt environment.After the organic fertilizer treatment,the content of the medium aggregate was 42.07%,and the content of the large aggregate in the gypsum and polyacrylamide treatment was 23.36,respectively 18.70%.The heavy salt environment showed a tendency to transform from large and small particle size aggregates to aggregates,and the conversion rate from treatment to treatment was as follows: organic fertilizer>PAM>gypsum>conventional fertilization>control.(3)During the growth and development of rape,low salt content will promote the plant height to a certain extent.With the increase of salt content,the growth state of the plant will be inhibited under the stimulation of salt;improved material treatment can promote the plant height of rape.As well as the accumulation of dry matter quality,the promotion effects between different treatments at various stages of rape growth show significant differences.During the flowering period,the gypsum-treated plants in the medium-salt environment reached a maximum of 114.10 cm,and the polyacrylamide-treated plants in the heavy-salt environment reached a maximum of 105.81 cm.The dry matter accumulation of rapeseed was not significantly different between the improved material treatments,but Significantly higher than the control treatment.(4)In the heavy salt environment,the content of soluble sugar in the leaves of rape treated with gypsum was higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment.PAM decreased by 17.47% and 22.25% compared with organic fertilizer and gypsum treatment respectively;organic fertilizer and gypsum treatment significantly increased the leaf chlorophyll content.Organic fertilizer and PAM treatment can significantly increase the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rapeseed,and with the increase of soil salt content,the POD and CAT activities in rape leaves showed a continuous increase trend,SOD activity during the flowering period gradually under the influence of soil salt reduce.The improved substance treatment had a significant effect on the activity of rape antioxidant enzymes(SOD,POD,CAT),and the gypsum treatment had a significant effect on rape SOD,POD,CAT.The gypsum treatment in the mid-salt environment compared to the control treatment of SOD during the flowering period,CAT changes were decreased by 17.38% and 27.42%.Organic fertilizer treatment had a greater influence on the activities of POD and CAT in rape.Compared with the control treatment,the POD activity increased by 12.47% compared with the control treatment in the bud period,and the CAT activity of the organic fertilizer treatment in the low-salt and medium-salt environment was significantly lower than that in the control treatment.PAM treatment had a greater impact on rape SOD activity.The effect on SOD activity of rape under salt stress during the flowering period was significantly higher than that of organic fertilizer and gypsum treatment.In heavy salt environment,SOD activity increased by 32.82U/g compared with control treatment.min.(5)Timely harvesting is a necessary measure to ensure the feed value of feed crops.Feed rape has a high protein and fat accumulation during flowering,which has a significant promotion effect on the nutrient content and palatability of the feed.After flowering,the plants change from vegetative growth to Reproductive growth,the reduction of protein and fat content were reduced to 7.47% and 2.12%,and the crude fiber content reached a maximum of 15.27%.The increase in plant lignification reduced the plant's feed value.Gypsum treatment increased the crude protein content by 2.31% in the medium salt environment,and crude fat content increased by 1.36%,1.35% and 1.28% under the low salt,medium salt and heavy salt treatments,respectively.Under heavy salt environment,the crude fiber content of organic fertilizer and PAM treatment decreased by 4.44% and 1.11% respectively,and the improvement effect was significant.