Study On Optimization Of Spatial Pattern Of Rural Settlements In County Based On FLUS And ACO Model

With the proposal and advancement of our country's rural revitalization strategy and rapid development of new urbanization,rural areas are facing new development opportunities and challenges.How to rationally adjust the land use layout of rural settlements has become an important research topic for promoting rural revitalization and urban-rural integration in the new era.In recent years,with the acceleration of our country's urbanization process,the contradiction between the development of rural settlements and the protection of ecological environment has become increasingly prominent,at the same time,the spatial layout of rural settlements has also seen phenomena such as disorderly expansion and "hollowness" of the layout.Under the circumstances,it is of great significance to scientifically predict the evolution trend of rural settlements in the future,coordinate the development of rural settlements and the protection of ecological environment,and optimize the layout of rural settlements reasonably,which is of great significance to protect regional ecological security and promote the integration and development of urban and rural areas.This paper took Tang County of Hebei Province as the research area,used MCR model to obtain the county ecological security protection zoning,used FLUS model to predict the land use change of rural settlements in the county,analyzed the impact of the evolution of rural settlements on ecological security in the future,and explored the spatial characteristics of ecological suitability of rural settlements in the county from the perspective of ecological protection and construction,combined with ACO model to optimize the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Tang County,and put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions accordingly,hoping to provide a certain theoretical basis and decision-making reference for the optimization of the spatial pattern of rural settlements in the county.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The MCR model was used to obtain the minimum cumulative resistance surface for the expansion of ecological sources,and to divide the county ecological security zoning.The ecological security value of Tang County was low as a whole,showed a spatial differentiation characteristic of low in the northwest and high in the southeast.In 2018,the rural settlements area of Tang County low ecological security protection zoning was 5671.44 hm2,accounting for 28.78%of the county's total rural settlements area;the rural settlements area of lower ecological security protection zoning was 6347.16 hm2,accounting for 32.21%of the county's total rural settlements area;the rural settlements area in the medium ecological security protection zoning was 5350.32 hm2,accounting for 27.15%of the county's total rural settlements area;the rural settlements area in the high ecological security protection zoning was 2338.56 hm2,accounting for 11.86%of the county's total rural settlements area.(2)The FLUS model was used to predict the land use change of rural settlements in the study area in 2027 under the natural development scenario,and the impact of future rural settlements evolution on ecological security was analyzed.In 2027,the total area of rural settlements in Tang County will increase by 666.72hm2 compared with 2018,which is mainly converted from cultivated land and grassland;compared with 2009-2018,the area increase is relatively slow,and the evolution of rural settlements is dominated by spatial expansion,the distribution pattern has not changed much.In terms of spatial distribution,the evolution trend of rural settlements in Tang County from 2018 to 2027 is roughly the same as that in 2009-2018,the growth of rural settlements is still concentrated in the low mountain and hilly areas of the central and western regions,however,more rural settlements have also grown in the middle and low mountainous areas in the northwest and individual townships in the southeastern plains of Tang County.The prediction results show that under the natural development scenario,the spatial expansion of rural settlements will be concentrated in low ecological security protection zoning and lower ecological security protection zoning in 2027,the continuous expansion of their spaces in the future will gradually threaten the ecological security of Tang County.(3)The spatial characteristics of the ecological suitability of rural settlements in the county were analyzed from the perspective of ecological protection and construction,and the ACO model was used to optimize the spatial pattern of rural settlements in Tang County.According to the ecological suitability of rural settlements,the rural settlements space is divided into five areas:highly suitable areas,more suitable areas,moderately suitable areas,less suitable and unsuitable areas.After optimization,the rural settlements in Tang County showed a tendency to migrate to areas with higher suitability,the rural settlements were mainly distributed in highly suitable areas,more suitable areas and moderately suitable areas,accounting for 99.05%of the total area of rural settlements;while the distribution of rural settlements in less suitable areas and unsuitable areas was less,accounting for only 0.95%of the total area of rural settlements;the areas of rural settlements in highly suitable areas,more suitable areas and moderately suitable areas have increased to varying degrees,among which the rural settlements area in the more suitable area increased most obviously,while the rural settlements areas in the less unsuitable area and the unsuitable area decreased greatly;and the sporadic distribution of rural settlements has decreased,most of which are large-scale agglomerations,and the layout of rural settlements has tended to be compact in general.In this paper,the ecological security zoning is obtained by using MCR model,and the land use change of rural settlements is predicted by FLUS model.On this basis,the spatial layout of rural settlements is optimized with ACO model,it aims to provide a reference for the optimization of the spatial pattern of rural settlements at the county level,so as to promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy and ensure the all-round sustainable development of rural areas.