Regional Comparative Assessment Of Biodiversity Conservation Effectiveness In National Key Ecological Function Areas

As the most effective ways of biodiversity conservation,area of natural reserves have grown rapidly,but biodiversity levels have declined.An important reason for the failure of biodiversity conservation goals is the unreasonable allocation of funds.Therefore,in order to obtain a fair distribution of funds,it is necessary to establish a scientific assessment method of regional comparison for the protection effectiveness,and to encourage relevant departments to make more efforts in biodiversity protection.This paper took 24 important ecological function areas for biodiversity protection as the research area,regional comparative assessment of biodiversity conservation effectiveness from functional and structural perspectives.The main works were as follows:(1)Construction of functional reference index for biodiversity conservation in national ecological function areasThe habitat quality index calculated by habitat quality module of In VEST was used to characterize the habitat status of animals and plants,and then indirectly represented the functional level of biodiversity.Selecting the core area of national nature reserve as the reference area to construct the reference standard index,it reflected the background of ecological function in different regions,and took the optimal value of multi-period habitat quality index in the reference area as the habitat quality reference index,the index showed that the habitat quality index in the Northwest and Southwest regions was low,and in the Northeast,East China and South China was high.The habitat quality reference index in the southeast side of Hu Huanyong line was higher than that in the northwest side,it was basically verified that the constructed habitat quality reference index can reflect the regional background differences of biodiversity levels;Secondly,there was a significant consistency between climate factors and habitat quality reference index in the reference area,indicating the accuracy of the habitat quality reference index.(2)Construction of structural reference index for biodiversity protection in national ecological function areasThe proportion of ecological land area in the reference area at the corresponding time of the habitat quality reference index was counted as the structural reference index.It was also lower in Northwest and Southwest and higher in the Northeast,Central China,East China and South China.According to the ecosystem type of ecological function areas,they were divided into forest biodiversity ecological function areas,grassland biodiversity ecological function areas,and wetland biodiversity ecological function areas.Based on the type structure reference index,the reference level of ecological function area structure of wetland biodiversity protection was higher,followed by forest land diversity ecological function area,and the grassland biodiversity ecological function area was worst.(3)Regional functional comparative assessment of biodiversity conservation effectiveness in national ecological function areasRegional functional comparative assessment of biodiversity conservation effectiveness in national ecological function zones can be carried out from both static and dynamic aspects.The relative function index was constructed by the difference between habitat quality index and habitat quality reference index in ecological function areas,and realized the regional function comparison evaluation of static biodiversity protection effectiveness.Based on the relative function index,the biodiversity conservation effectiveness of ecological function areas in the Northeast and East China was poor in 2015,followed by Central China and South China,and the ecological function areas with better biodiversity conservation effectiveness were located in the Southwest and Northwest.According to the area of ecological function zones in the administrative area,the biodiversity conservation effectiveness in the Northeast was poor in 2015,and East China,Central China and South China were in the middle,The northwest and southwest had better protection effectiveness.The difference between the two phases of the habitat quality index of the ecological function zone was used as the absolute change of the habitat quality,and to complete the evaluation of dynamic biodiversity protection effectiveness.According to the absolute change of the habitat quality index,the overall trend of biodiversity conservation effectiveness showed a good turn for the ecological function areas in the Central China and South China from 1990 to 2015.The biodiversity conservation effectiveness of ecological function areas in the Northeast and East China continued to decline,and the Northwest and Southwest remained basically unchanged.(4)Regional structural comparative assessment of biodiversity conservation effectiveness in national ecological function zonesRegional structural comparative assessment of biodiversity conservation effectiveness in national ecological function zones can be carried out from both static and dynamic aspects.The relative structural index was constructed by the difference between the structural index of ecological functional areas and the structural reference index,so as to realize the regional structure comparison evaluation of static biodiversity protection effectiveness.Based on the relative structure index of ecological land,the biodiversity conservation effectiveness of ecological function areas in the Northeast and East China was poor in 2015,followed by Central China and South China,and the ecological function areas with better biodiversity conservation effectiveness were located in the Southwest and Northwest.From the relative structure index of the ecosystem type,In 2015,the biodiversity protection effectiveness of the grassland biodiversity ecological function zone was good,the forest biodiversity ecological function zone was average,and the wetland biodiversity ecological function zone had poor biodiversity protection effectiveness.At the same time,the change in the structure index of the ecological land is obtained according to the difference between the two periods of ecological land structure index,the biodiversity protection effectiveness of ecological function zones in the Central China and South China showed a trend of improvement from 1990 to 2015.The ecological function zones in the Northwest and Southwest remained basically unchanged,and the effectiveness of biodiversity protection of ecological function zones in the Northeast and East China continued to decline.From the change in the structural index of the ecosystem type,the effectiveness of biodiversity protection in the forest biodiversity ecological function zone was improved from 1990 to 2015,the grassland biodiversity ecological function zone remained basically unchanged,and the wetland biodiversity ecological function zone showed a downward trend.