Study On Interaction Of Habitat Selection Of Mammals In Taipinggou Nature Reserve

The interaction of habitat selection of various species in mammalian groups and the understanding of the regulatory role of species in their ecosystems are the basis and premise of habitat protection and habitat ecosystem protection of mammals.In this study,taking Taipinggou National Nature Reserve in Heilongjiang Province as the study area,the automatic camera monitoring data from 2016 to 2020 were collected.In cold and warm season,we used the generalized linear model(GLM)to analyze the habitat selection characteristics of 13 habitat factors,such as topographic fluctuation,river length,road length,vegetation type,etc,and the potential distribution of each species was analyzed.To explore the interspecific interaction of habitat selection of each species,and to explore the regulation of Top-down and Bottom up functional groups of mammals by using the structural equation model(SEM).The main results are as follows:1.The results of automatic camera monitoring showed that a total of 7350 wild animals of 21 species were monitored from 2016 to 2020,the dominant species include three national grade I key protected animals.,including 17 times of Amur tiger(Panthera tigris altaica),36 times of Sable(Martes zibellina)and 69 times of Sika deer(Cervus nippon),totaling 122 times.There are 9 species of national grade ? key protected animals,including 141 times of Red deer(Cervus elaphus),160 times of Brown bear(Ursus arctos),149 times of Lynx(Lynx lynx),24 times of Black bear(Ursus thibetanus),44 times of Red fox(Vulpesvulpes),16 times of Yellow-throated marten(Martesflavigula),14 times of Wolf(Canis lupus),27 times of Racoon dog(Nyctereutesprocyonoides),totaling 575 times.2.The results of habitat selection show that most animals prefer human land in cold and warm seasons,and prefer coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest or broad-leaved mixed forest compared with other forest types,among which coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest has stronger selectivity.In addition,there are some differences in the selection of habitat factors of forest types among different mammal species in warm season and cold season.In warm season,wild boar(Sus scrofa)especially prefers human land and roe deer(Capreolus pygargus)especially prefer birch forest;lynx and wolf have certain similarity in habitat selection in cold season;wild boar,roe deer and hare(Lepus mandshuricus)show a certain degree of separation in habitat selection;wild boar,hare,black bear and badger(Meles meles)all prefer habitats with high fluctuation in warm season.Both the hare and the lynx have a greater preference for human land in the cold season than in the warm season.Wild boars have different preferences for different forest types and roads in cold and warm seasons.3.The results of interspecific interaction of habitat selection showed that Amur tiger shows no preference for a particular prey in this area.There is a positive correlation between black bear and wild boar.In the cold season,the lynx showed avoidance to the amur tiger,but no correlation to the wolf.During the warm season,predators usually appear in places where other predators are more distributed.The interspecific relationship of hoofed animals changed with the alternation of seasons,and roe deer and hare avoided each other in the cold season,but on the contrary in the warm season.In the cold season,the spatial distribution of wild boar and roe deer are relatively independent,and both show a preference for the habitat of the hare,but the hare does not respond to the existence of wild boar but avoids the roe deer.Wild boar and red deer avoid each other in the warm season,but both have a positive correlation with the lynx.Both wild boar and roe deer showed positive correlation with each other in habitat selection in warm season.The roe deer showed a preference for the habitat with red deer,but the red deer did not show a correlation with the habitat with roe deer.In the cold season,wild boar,roe deer and northeast rabbit showed no correlation or positive correlation to other predators except avoiding amur tiger.4.For the bottom-up effect,the biomass of small mammals and large herbivores had no significant correlation with the biomass of intermediate predators;for the top-down effect,the biomass of top predators had negative effects on the biomass of intermediate predators,large herbivores and small mammals,while human activities had a positive effect on the biomass of top predators.