| Between July 2002 and December 2003, we studied habitat selection of bears at Dailing forestry bureau and Taipinggou forestry farm in the little Xing'an Mountains, Heilongjiang Province, China. The method of whole-random sampling was used in our study, and we were according as the mark of bears in the forest, and consulting the survey conclusion. In the same time, we measured 147 dens of bears, and studied the denning habitat. We also studied the damage to farming and forestry by bears. The studying result was listed beneath:1. We surveyed 205 sampling plots in spring, including 102 tracking plots, and 103 random plots. We found that the bear selected the middle and high elevation (510m), the coverage degree of shrub is 47%, the shelter degree is lower, the density of brushwood is higher, the food abundance is better, near the source of water (233m), far from the human disturbance(> 1500m),"fallen log density is some higher (1.78/400m2), slope degree(11.2 ) is bigger than the random plots. And almost no selection to the density of arbors, slope site, shelter degree, and wind degree.According to -test of independence samples, we found that the selection of habitat varied significantly between the tracking plots and the random plots in spring. The facts that varied significantly include elevation, shrub density, sheltering class, brushwood density, food abundance, wind degree, distance of water source, distance of human disturbance, fallen logs, slope degree, etc. (P<0.05). And the arbors density and slope site varied non-significantly.x2-test was used to analysis slope aspect and vegetation type. Slope aspect showed significant differences between two types of plots (x2=441, P<0.05). vegetation type also showed significant differences between two types of plots ( x2=191, P<0.05). Bear act mainly in slopes of north, south, south-west face, they like many kinds of forestry type, mainly act in the matured needle-broad leaf mixed forestry, the mature broad-leaf forestry, and shaw forestry, occasionally in the immature broad leaf forestry.2. We surveyed 199 sampling plots in summer, including 100 tracking plots, and 99 random plots. The method of test is same as it in spring. By the Mest orx2-test of independent sample, we found that all the facts of elevation, arbor density, wind degree, distance of water source, distance of human disturbance, fallen logs, slope degree, slope aspect and vegetation type showed significant differences between the tracking plots and random plots (P<0.05), and shrub density, shelter degree, brushwood density, food abundance and slope site showed no differences.In summer, bears select such habitat as the lower elevation, the higher arbor density, the lower shrub density, the middle shelter degree, brushwood density is 56%, the better food abundance, stronger wind, middle or higher slope site, or mountain saddle, near the water source (142m), far from human disturbance (1840m), the sum of fallen logs is 0.54, slope degree in tracking plots is higherthan random plots (6.71 ) , the bears should act in the slope of south, east-south, north face, and in the mature needle-broad leaf mixed forestry, and mature broad leaf forestry, eating some kinds of berry, burgeon and leaf.3. We surveyed 201 sampling plots in autumn, including 101 tracking plots, and 100 random plots. By the Mest or x2-test of independent sample, we found that all the facts of elevation, shrub density, shelter degree, brushwood density, food abundance and slope site, distance of human disturbance, slope degree, slope aspect and vegetation type showed significant differences between the tracking plots and random plots (P<0.05), and arbor density, wind' degree, distance of water source, fallen logs, showed no differences.In autumn, the bears liked to act in the habitat as lower elevation, higher arbor density, the lower shrub density (19%), high shelter degree, the lower brush density (64%), the better food abundance, a little stronger wind, middle or low slope site, near by the water source (202m), a little...
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