A Study On The Airborne Microbial Diversity Of Sandstorms In Southern Xinjiang

With the development of industrialization and the impact of human activities,sandstorm activities have occurred more frequently in arid and semi-arid areas,causing serious impacts on the health of residents and economic development and ecosystems in local and downstream areas.Therefore,it is particularly important to analyze and detect airborne microorganisms in sandstorms.This study takes the air microorganisms of sand and dust storms in southern Xinjiang as the research object,using cultivable methods and high-throughput sequencing technology,combined with environmental factor information,to analyze the diversity of air microbes and community structure in different periods of sandstorms.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)In this study,a total of 209 strains were obtained from sandstorms in southern Xinjiang through cultivable methods,of which 144 were bacteria and 65 were fungi,which belonged to Phylum Firmicutes,Actinomycetes,Bacteroides,Proteobacteria,and Ascomycetes Bacteria.Dust storm bacteria can be cultivated at the phylum level,the dominant phylum is:Actinobacteria(41.67%)and Firmicutes(46.53%);at the genus level,the dominant genus is:Bacillus,Arthrobacter,Massilia and Brevibacterium;sandstorm fungi that can be cultivated belong to the Ascomycota genus,the dominant bacteria are:Cladosporium,Penicillium,Alternaria.Through canonical correspondence analysis(CCA,Canonical Correlation Analysis),it is found that the impact of different environmental factors on air bacterial diversity in southern Xinjiang is:barometric pressure>temperature>altitude>humidity>wind speed;The influence of different environmental factors on the diversity of air fungi in southern Xinjiang is:altitude>air pressure>wind speed>humidity>temperature.(2)Using high-throughput sequencing technology to detect sandstorm air bacteria,the results show that a total of 740364 effective sequences were obtained from 12 air microbial samples before,during and after the sandstorm,and a total of 156 OTUs were generated,belonging to 9 families and 87 genera.Among them,the dominant phylum is Proteobacteria(80.52%)and Bacteroidetes(20.96%).The dominant genera are Pseudomonas,Sphingobium,Actinobacteria.Air microbial diversity and community structure are significantly different in different periods of sandstorms.Redundancy analysis(RDA)results indicate that Humidity and air pressure are positively related to the diversity of airborne bacteria in sandstorms,and negatively related to longitude,latitude,altitude and temperature.(3)Using high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze sandstorm air fungi,it was found that a total of 555,548 valid sequences were obtained from 8 air microbial samples before,during and after the sandstorm,and a total of 257 OTUs were generated,belonging to 6 families and 121 genera.Among them,the dominant phylum are Ascomycota(58.68%),Basidiomycota(30.99%).The dominant genera are Alternaria,Trametes,Trachosporon and Guehomyces.Redundancy analysis(RDA)results show that:Humidity,air pressure,and longitude are positively correlated with sand fungus air fungal diversity,and negatively correlated with altitude,dimension,and temperature.This study reveals the changes of air microbial diversity and community structure in different periods of sand and dust storms,which can provide a certain theoretical basis for sand and dust storm early warning work and desertification control.