Deteccion y estudio de rayos cosmicos y su efecto ionizante en sales del tipo A(2)BX(4) (Spanish text)

The objective of this research was to detect and to study the ionizing effect of cosmic rays in crystals of the type A₂BX₄, specifically Cs₂CoCl₄, Cs₂ZnI₄ doped to 2% with Mn by weigh and Cs₂ZnCl₄ pure and doped to 0.5% with Mn by weight, that were grown by slow evaporation. They were selected after making tests of sensitivity to the electromagnetic and radio waves in a RLC circuit. They were also characterized by X-ray diffraction to establish their structure type and family. Once selected they were used to construct a device or detector system. The detectors with crystals presented signals in a range of voltage between 400 and 1800V. Graphs of the count versus voltage were constructed, it was observed that these crystals passed through zones in which the behavior of the crystals due to the ionizing effect of particles that go through can be determined when a high voltage is applied to them. These crystals present a plateau that makes them ideal for detection of particles. The measurements were done at room temperature. Cs₂CoCl ₄ the plateau is 380V wide, that is from 1300V to 1680V, with an efficiency of 27.17%. The Cs₂ZnI₄ doped to 2% by weight with Mn has a plateau of 200V wide from 700V to 900V, with an efficiency of 35.68%. The Cs₂ZnCl₄ plateau has a width of 200V from 700V to 900V, with an efficiency of 32.31%. The Cs₂ZnCl₄ doped to the 0,5% by weight with Mn, has a plateau 300V wide that goes from 700V to 900V, with an efficiency of 31.48%. All these were compared with a Geiger-Muller reference system and measurements.