Integration d'outils de prise en compte des changements climatiques dans une evaluation environnementale strategique

Climate change is a growing threat to the achievement of development aid objectives and must be taken in consideration during a program development process.;Several tools that come in the form of softwares or methodologies have been developed by different development aid agencies in order to allow program managers to prevent this issue from constituting an obstacle to the achievement of development aid objectives. Climate Proofing, ORCHID and CRiSTAL are among these tools.;These three tools have been applied to the Mali National Programme for Small-Scale Irrigation in order to analyze and compare the results obtained and to consider the possibility of integrating each one of them in environmental assessments and planning processes of aid programs. A multicriteria analysis has been performed in the context of the application of Climate Proofing and ORCHID to the National Programme for Small-Scale Irrigation, with the purpose of ranking the adaptation strategies in order of priority.;For the application of the three tools, the main sources of information that were used are the forecasts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Mali's National Adaptation Programme. The 2009 report written by the Economics Of Climate Adaptation Working Group, which highlights the economic losses due to climate change in Mali, also served as reference. Finally, this work also draws on the synthesis of the site visits made by the experts that participated in the realization of the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the National Programme for Small-Scale Irrigation, which stresses the impacts of climate change that are being felt in Mali, as well as on the application of the three tools to other development assistance programs, made by several development aid agencies.;The results of this work revealed the possibility of integrating these tools in a strategic environmental assessment and showed the advantages and limits of each one. ORCHID, for example, is particularly useful during a program planning stage. Secondly, it is recommended to apply CRiSTAL to identify environmental issues and Climate Proofing to undertake risk analyses. CRiSTAL is the only tool that allows the user to assess the effect of programs activities on the identified issues; nervertheless, areas for improving this tool are suggested in this thesis. We also found that none of these tools is ideal to build an environmental and social management master plan that proposes a set of mitigation measures of climatic risks and programs activities on various sectors. Finally, these tools do not offer a procedure that allows the user to monitor and evaluate the benefits of adaptation strategies.;Furthermore, the results of this research demonstrated that the application of Climate Proofing, ORCHID and CRiSTAL leads to the establishment of a set of adaptation strategies that apply to essential sectors in Mali such as agriculture, water, health and biodiversity. The majority of these strategies do not require any construction works or any changes in the country's policies and regulations. Some of them aim to reduce the vulnerability of some sectors while others focus on the mitigation of climatic risks' impacts.;Finally, this research demonstrated that it is preferable for donors to use ORCHID to promote adaptation to climate change at the scale of a region or a country while it is recommended to apply CRiSTAL at the community level.