| From the power plant to the residential, commercial and industrial, consumption of electricity, there is the power network consisting of a variety of components. Among these facilities, there are power transformers which are most expensive equipment. Power transformers which are critical units for networks are exposed to various stresses throughout their lives. Among these stresses, there are: electrical, thermal and environmental stresses, which will shorten the life of the units in service.;The investigations performed in this master thesis aimed at exploring the different aging mechanisms: thermal, electrical and chemical that subsequently produce under service conditions, a variety of decomposition byproducts (gases, acids, waxes and other colloidal products). These products will attack (degrade) the fibers of the solid insulation (paper) inside the transformer.;The investigations were performed on different oils, natural and synthetic fluids degraded under various conditions in laboratory conditions for comparison. These conditions consisted in thermal aging in an oven at constant temperature, simulation of a hot spot at constant current, the stability under electrical discharge and finally thermal ageing in an oven at constant temperature without oxygen. These different aged fluids were subsequently analyzed using ASTM standard measurement techniques and through innovative measurement techniques to assess the condition of fluids. Measurement techniques such as UV-vis spectrophotometry, the turbidity, thermal conductivity, acidity, interfacial tension, viscosity, dielectric dissipation factor and also a free radicals tracer have been used.;The absence of oxygen slows down the process of decaying. It is shown that without oxygen the fluid will produce less decay product. It will be show that free radicals from mineral oils are attributable with a tracer (DPPH). It will be shown that different fluids under stability tests are not ageing at the same rate. It will be shown that the mineral oils produce an increasing quantity of gas from the thermal tests while esters and silicones produces a decreasing quantity of gas to reach a stability zone after few tests. It will be seeing that decay products influence the thermal conductivity of oil.;By improving our knowledge about mechanisms of aging processes and deterioration of insulating materials, system operators will be in a better position to take appropriate decisions to avoid major outages. |
