A sustainable guide for the selection, evaluation, and use of concrete construction in NYC and urban areas alike

Concrete's popularity is due to the many advantages the material offers. It can be a durable and high-strength material. It is generally locally available. Recycled materials can be incorporated into the mix, reducing consumption of raw materials and disposal of waste products. Being the most important player in the infrastructure development, a major CO2 release contributor, and a high consumer of energy and natural resources, the concrete industry needs to be reoriented through the adoption of environmentally friendly and more sustainable technology. An extensive literature review forms the basis for this research analysis. Current best practices, case studies, key emerging technologies and performance studies highlighting the sustainable value of concrete were incorporated in this study. The goal of this research is to help designers and other members of the construction team better understand the selection and specification process to using concrete in intelligent and innovative ways.;By exploring the current condition of the NYC concrete industry and the construction sector, the main goal will be to investigate and develop a set of comprehensive tools, concepts, methods and new technologies, as well as resources and best practices to extend on the education of the construction team. This guide seeks to assist on the evaluation, selection, and use of sustainable concrete not only in NYC but also in large urban areas with characteristics and conditions alike.;Prescriptive clauses in specifications for concrete are often based on outdated knowledge or empirical relationships. Unfortunately, many project specifications are prescriptive in nature and oppress innovation. On the other hand, some standards for the "new green products" do exist, but they are too few---so far. Consequently, many times the designer is left in the position of recommending products in the absence of industry-recognized acceptable minimums that we'd like to have to clearly designate responsibilities and liabilities. The designer is forced to render an educated, professional opinion, and with the current codes and legislation, this is not a comfortable position to be in, but at the same time, it is a necessary one. A shift to performance-based specifications may be the next step in the evolution of the concrete industry. Performance-based specifications define required results such as strength and other mechanical properties, requirements for durability and serviceability, and requirements for placement. Performance-based specifications encourage innovative products and construction methods along with rigorous quality management systems that can lead to superior products and satisfied customers. Understanding and exposing these criteria will be the foundation of this research.