| Based in a series of semi-directed interviews realized in a very deep way among key public and political actors, in a systematic examination of administrative and political documentation, supported in an author's experience of several years in the administration of the services in question, this thesis analyzes and proposes, mainly between 1997 and 2003, a crisis water management multidisciplinary interpretation in the territory of the metropolis of Mexico.;The metropolis of Mexico, with its 22 million of habitants, is par excellence the place of the demographic concentration, the economic and political concentration in the country, and also a place that threatens the balance of the ecosystems and the environment. These elements all together explain the development of different conflicts typology around the water (its access, distribution and consumption), which tests the political organization on a territorial scale.;The actors' interests and the social and institutional action are divided, not coordinated nor integrated, which contrasts to the decision verticality that happened under the auspices of the Institutional revolutionary Party (PRI) that in other times could exert this dominion in the sovereignty summit.;In recent years, the political space is divided, after the relative political autonomy granted by the central power to the Federal District in 1997, which willpower was directed and controlled directly until then. In this context, the analysis of the political water management is an evidence for the tension between two main aspects. On the one hand, the necessity to develop new forms of governance defined like a set of institutional actions, destined to solve the conflicts in an institutional level, including the possibility of the privatization of the resource-, taking into account the different related levels of Government with governmental decentralization processes. On the other hand, the necessity to consider the social mobilizations (protests) that raise the question of the governability.;It is about a thesis by articles. Three articles published in 2005 and presented at the end of the thesis. The introduction of these articles was made with a chapter of theoretical concepts and the other helps us to put in a historical context the events analyzed here. The articles allow us to identified six main concepts that structure the theoretical analysis: governance, governability, conflict, institutional conflictive and social confliction, hydropolitics and finally, social and political fragmentation.;This last concept gives back to the presence of a diversity of actors, different from the institutional actors, who resist and opposed the governmental initiatives complicating the analysis, it means, it leads to conceive a political reality in fragmentation. The analysis registers in a perspective considering this political fragmentation as much as the dynamics of the social mobilizations, the disarticulation as much of the institutions as of the traditional social relations, a diversification of political and social options.;In this sense, this thesis analyzes the tension between governance and governability of the water conflicts in the metropolitan space from a series of new actors, of new social relations, as ruptures in and with the political regime. It distinguishes these tensions that modify the political space on the way to new management mechanisms, which is synthesized in this thesis from the "hydropolitics" concept.;KEYWORDS: Water management, Mexico City, public services, privatization, governance, governability, conflict, institutional and social conflictive, political fragmentation, social protest, c1ientelism practices and hydropolitics. |
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