Rsearch On The Poverty Reduction Effect Of Basic Public Services In The Western Rural Areas Of China

Poverty is a historical problem in the development of human society,and it has always received widespread attention from the government and the people.Eradicating poverty,improving people's livelihood,and achieving common prosperity are the essential requirements of socialism.In recent years,On the one hand,China has implemented a series of poverty alleviation policies to increase poverty alleviation in rural areas;On the other hand,China has accelerated the construction and improvement of basic public services such as infrastructure,basic education,medical and health care,and social security.Great achievements have been made in poverty.By the end of 2018,China's rural poor had reduced to 16.6 million people,and the incidence of poverty had dropped to 1.7%.However,as China's economic growth rate has fallen to a medium-to-high-speed growth stage,resource constraints have become increasingly prominent,and rural poverty alleviation has entered a bottleneck period,especially in the western regions where the natural conditions are extremely harsh,the economic foundation is weak,and public services such as infrastructure are seriously lagging behind.The poverty-stricken rural areas are still the most prominent shortcomings of economic and social development due to the complex poverty-causing factors,deep poverty,and difficulty in poverty alleviation.At present,the battle against poverty has entered a crucial decisive stage,and poverty reduction and development work is facing a more severe and urgent situation and task.The western rural areas of China is affected by many factors such as the natural geographical environment and the level of economic and social development.It is the region with the highest number of poor people and the highest incidence of poverty inChina.Due to the serious insufficiency of basic public services,it has led to the lag in rural economic development and the low level of residents' income,which has seriously affected the survival and development of local farmers.Accelerating the improvement of basic rural public services so that the poor can generally enjoy the right of public services such as infrastructure,education,medical care,social security,etc.not only can it improve the income level of local residents,narrow the income distribution gap,improve the survival and development capabilities of the rural poor,and enhance Its ability to resist various risks such as natural disasters and market economies,but also effectively reduce the vulnerability of poor areas and curb the phenomenon of returning to poverty in order to achieve the goal of sustained poverty reduction.This article takes the western rural areas as the research object,and uses a combination of theoretical analysis and empirical analysis.Based on the theory of basic public services and poverty reduction,the mechanism analysis of poverty reduction in rural basic public services is conducted.Use the Entropy Weight Topsis method and the coefficient of variation method to measure the comprehensive score and level of equalization of basic public service levels in rural areas in the west,find out the status of poverty and the supply of basic public services in rural areas in the west,and select11 western provinces,cities,and autonomous regions from 2010 to 2017 Panel data(except Tibet),analyze the poverty reduction effect of basic public services in rural areas in the west from the four fields of basic education,health care,social security and infrastructure,and do the regression analysis from the levels of the whole and two regions.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)Although the poverty level and basic public services in the western rural areas have improved significantly during the observation period,they are still the areas with the deepest poverty in the country and the basic public services are relatively backward.(2)From the perspective of the western countryside as a whole,basic education,health care,social security,and infrastructure all have poverty reduction effects,but the poverty reduction effects of different types of public services are different,and the basic education has the best poverty reduction effects,followed by Infrastructure,health care and social security.(3)The poverty reduction effect of basic public services has regional differences.In areas with low economic conditions,medical,health,social security,and infrastructure have the better effects of poverty reduction.In areas with relatively good levels of economic development,the effect of basic education on poverty reduction is better.(4)The effectiveness of poverty reduction in rural areas in the west is also closely related to factors such as the level of urbanization and financial self-sufficiency.Based on the above conclusions,this paper proposes the following policy recommendations:(1)For areas with different levels of economic development,the supply of basic public services should have different focuses.(2)Further increase transfer payments to poverty-stricken areas and ethnic minority areas,and establish a financial transfer payment system guided by incentives for the provision of basic public services.(3)Improving local financial self-sufficiency and speeding up the improvement of a diverse local government assessment and evaluation system.(4)Promote the "dynamic supply" of basic public services and build a demand-oriented supply decision-making mechanism.(5)Solve the problem of relative poverty and promote equalization of basic public services.(6)Establish a dynamic monitoring system for the provision of basic public services in the western region to curb the phenomenon of returning to poverty.