Research On Decision-making Analysis Of Tourist Attraction And Tour Agency Under Over-tourism

Tourism has shown its significance on promoting the economic development of tour regions in recent years.However,the over-tourism negatively impacts the natural environment and social order of the tourism area.Besides,the increasing of tourist amount caused by over-tourism generates congestion to the attraction,and reduces satisfaction of tourists,which will dampen the tourism demand.Nevertheless,it is still a research gap that how the negative externalities of over-tourism affect the decision-making in tourism supply chain.To fulfill the research gap,the game theory is applied and a two-layered tour-package supply chain consisting of two competing attractions and one tour agency is considered.In the model,the negative externalities influence the stakeholders' decision-making through directly restraining the tourism demand,and four parameters related to over-tourism are induced,which are the negative externality of each tourist,the additional earning of tour agency,the cost coefficient parameter and the substitutability parameter of attractions.The equilibrium solutions are derived,and then the impacts of four parameters on equilibrium solutions are analyzed.The results of parameter analysis reveal that the growth of additional earning of tour agency stimulates the tourism demand,while the negative externality of each tourist will dampen it.Interestingly,as the negative externalities of each tourist increase,the profit of tour agency will decline,while the attractions' profits show various variation trends under different cost coefficient parameters.Additionally,the attractions' profits will decrease with the substitutability parameter of attractions increasing.