Livelihood Differentiation And Land-use Ecological Effects Of Peasant Households In The Ecological Functional Zone

The Rural Revitalization is a new development strategy in the new era on the issue of “agriculture,rural areas and farmers”.The villages located in the ecological function zone are ecologically sensitive and need to balance local social-economic benefits as well as ecological benefits.Therefore,research and evidence on peasant households' land-use ecological effects,the relationship of the land-use ecological effects and livelihoods of peasant households,and the coupling coordination status the land-use ecological effects and livelihoods from the perspective of social-ecological systems provides insights for micro-level land use change,the guidance of peasant households' land use behaviors,and the improvement of sustainable livelihoods for peasant households and the implementation of rural revitalization in ecological functional areas.Taking the village in the national ecological function zone as an example,this paper follows the research flow of "sustainable livelihoods-land-use ecological effects-socialecological system coupling".Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were combined to classify the typologies of peasant households in the ecological functional area.The sustainable livelihood differentiation of different types of peasant households and the impact mechanism of livelihood assets on the choice of livelihood strategies were analyzed.The differences in land-use ecological effects of various types of peasant households and their mechanisms were analyzed.The evolutionary trend of household-level social-ecological systems was discussed and simulated from the perspective of coupling coordination of socialecological systems.The results showed that:(1)Peasant households' sustainable livelihood assets differentiation:(i)The typologies of the peasant households in Tangtou Village could be divided into four types: migrant households,comprehensive households,agriculture-oriented households and business-oriented households.(ii)Different types of peasant households owned different advantages of livelihood assets.The business-oriented households owned the highest level of livelihood assets while the agricultural-oriented households owned the lowest level of livelihood assets.(iii)The agricultural-oriented households had higher odds of poverty and higher livelihood vulnerability than other types of households,and natural disasters and low incomes are important factors for poverty.;(iv)Peasant households' livelihood assets showed the characteristic of social relevance.(v)Human assets,social assets and financial assets had a significant positive impact on peasant households' choice of livelihood strategies.(2)Land-use ecological effects of peasant households:(i)The land-use ecological effects of various types of peasant households were different.The negative environmental impacts of agricultural-oriented households were less than that of other types of households.(ii)The negative environmental effects of land use were mainly eutrophication and environmental acidification,which were closely related to over-fertilizing of peasant households.(iii)The differences in land-use ecological effects among different types of peasant households were driven by their choice of livelihood strategies and input factors of production.(3)Coupling coordination of socialecological systems:(i)There are significant differences in the sustainable livelihood and the land-use ecological effects among different types of peasant household.(ii)The statuses of socio-ecological coupling coordination of different development scenarios were different.(iii)The differentiation of sustainable livelihood assets made agricultural-oriented households transform into other types of households.In this process,the sustainability of their livelihoods was improved,the land-use ecological effects were diminished,and the coupling coordination degree of social-ecological systems was improved.Therefore,it is necessary to change the situation that the land-use ecological effects of peasant households are lagging behind.Authorities should guide a more sustainable way for peasant households' land use behaviors.Besides,authorities are also expected to take corresponding measures to effectively improve the livelihood assets of different households to enhance the livelihood sustainability and coordinated development of social-ecological systems.