The Spatial-temporal Evolution And Influence Mechanism Of Global Technology Trade

Knowledgeability and globalization are deeply affecting the global economy system,networking and complication are the manifestations of international trade.The competition among countries with the core of technology and innovation is intensifying.The focus of international trade have shifted from labor-intensive products and resource-intensive products to knowledge-intensive products and technology-intensive products with high added value,and technology trade has already become the significant driving force of national economic growth.With the theme of global technology trade and from the perspective of high-tech products and technology service,this paper systematically describes the spatial-temporal evolution of global technology trade from the aspects of network nodes,connectivity,cluster and product space by means of large data mining,network science,spatial analysis and spatial metrology,and further analyzed the impact mechanism of the global technology trade network.The main conclusions are as follows:Firstly,global technology trade is an open and complex giant system,which is the important manifestations of economic and technological linkages among countries/regions.Global technology trade network is a functional space complex system consisting of country/region-related systems,trade network system and space-potential poor systems,which has the characteristics of complexity and diversity of dimensions.Secondly,global technology network presents the topological connections,in terms of the structural complexity,high-tech product trade network has continued to expand over time,and the depth and breadth of trade cooperation among countries/regions have also been strengthened.Technology service trade network is atrophied,and the network density gradually decreases over time.In terms of the attribute complexity,the characteristics of the global technology trade network are small world,scale-free,and heterogeneity.Thirdly,global technology network highly follow the rules of spatial agglomeration and spatial hierarchy.From the point of view of network nodes,the spatial organization model has been formed that countries with outstanding economic strength such as the United States,Germany and Japan are the core of the network,and other countries/regions with relatively stronger technological production capabilities are the secondary network hubs.The trade barycentre of high-tech product trade network has gradually shifted from Europe and America to Asia;and thehigh-valued nodes of technology service trade network have been locked in developed countries/regions in Europe and America for a long time.From the perspective of network connection,the spatial hierarchy characteristics of network are remarkable.The relationships in both networks generally presents the hierarchical characteristics of the United States,Western Europe and East Asia as the core hub,and descending to low-level nodes in turn.The trade flows of high-tech product trade network are concentrated in Europe and Asia,while technology service trade network is dominated by global trade across continents.From the point of view of network clustering,the division of technology trade community is quite simple,and it not only presents the local spatial agglomeration with the influence of geographical proximity,but also shows the spatially scattered distribution across regions.High-tech product trade network community shows the inward growth of agglomeration,while technology service trade network community merged eventually.Fourthly,global technology product space shows significant heterogeneity,and the evolution shows the development model of path dependence.In the perspective of advantage product,global technology import/export advantage product pattern has spatial homogeneity and heterogeneity.The export advantages of different product types are occupied by developed countries and emerging developing countries,while the import advantages are dominated by developing countries and a few developed countries.The number of export advantage products mainly based on computer and communication technology products in China fluctuating increases,while the number of import advantage products decreases.From the point of view of product space,global technology export/import product space show core-periphery structure,and the relationships among products get denser.There are obvious regional differences in the spatial evolution of export/import product space among six continents,and new advantage products often come from existing advantage products.The export advantage product of China are seriously marginalized,while its import advantage products are gradually moving from the core to the secondary core and periphery in the import product space.From the perspective of product density,the distribution of product density basically maintains the inertia of time and the viscosity of space,and the distribution of export/import product density on six continents is similar to the distribution of their advantage products.The export product density of China fluctuating increases,while the import product density shows a downward trend.Product density promotes the evolution of technology product structure,and itsinfluence continues to deepen over time,which reflects the process of path dependence.Fifthly,the interaction of country/region attributes,the multidimensional proximity and product features affects the evolution of technology trade network.Different country/region attributes determine the country's import and export tendencies.Countries/regions with higher level of economic development,openness and infrastructure quality always maintain larger technology trade;Countries/regions with stable social environment and lower level of technological development only have obvious advantages in technology service trade.Then,the multidimensional proximity mechanism guides the country's/region's choice of technology trade linkages.Countries/regions with similar geographical location(such as geographical distance and adjacent land),institutional environment,historical commonalities(such as colonial relationships)and social development tend to be more willing to form trade cooperation with each other.Similar economic development,language isomorphism(such as using common language)among countries will boost the formation of high-tech product trade,while hinder the development of technology service trade.And the technology gap negatively affects high-tech product trade but has no significant impact on technology service trade.At last,both original advantages of technology product and product density affect the evolution of product structure.The original advantages and export product density have significant positive impact on the evolution of the technology product space,while the import product density can only promote the evolution of product structures in different continents except Europe.