| Land fragmentation is the result of resource endowment with more people and less land,land distribution under household contract responsibility system,and imperfect rural land transfer market.It is also an important feature of agriculture in many countries,especially in developing countries.In recent years,China has vigorously promoted land consolidation,exchange and other land transfer methods to promote land scale management,but the practical evidence shows that due to the high transaction cost,the number of farmers who transfer to suitable land is very small,and the degree of land fragmentation in China has not declined significantly.The existing literature shows that the land fragmentation will cause low efficiency of agricultural machinery operation and loss of scale economy,but in reality,the agricultural machinery operation service is developing rapidly,and the existence of scale economy is also proved.If the farmer households are in the state of small-scale decentralized operation,the convenience of service transaction must be considered when the farmer purchases agricultural machinery services and the farmer provides agricultural machinery services.As the main influencing factor of the transaction cost of agricultural machinery operation service,land fragmentation will affect the decision-making of purchasing agricultural machinery service,the service fee of agricultural machinery,and even the expenditure of agricultural production to a certain extent.Therefore,under the background of slow decline of land fragmentation and high transaction cost of land transfer links such as land consolidation and exchange,how to realize the integration of small farmers with modern agricultural development,how to avoid complex land transaction links,and how to find the way to realize scale economy beyond family land scale management without changing the degree of land fragmentation should be paid attention to An academic issue and policy focus.The main scientific problem to be studied in this paper is the effect of continuousplanting on land production cost under the condition of finely divided land.This paper regards the savings in the average farm machinery service fee and the average agricultural productive expenditure as the performance of land production cost savings.The research logic of this paper is mainly as follows: First,this article elaborates on the background,meaning and theoretical basis of the research,and draws out research hypotheses.Secondly,according to the survey data,the land fragmentation,contiguous planting of plots,the purchase of agricultural machinery operation services,the average cost of agricultural machinery operating service blocks,the average agricultural productive expenditure of household blocks,and the contiguous planting of plots on Offset effects etc.are descriptive statistics.Then,heckman sample selection model and endogenous transformation model are used to study the impact of land fragmentation and land contiguous planting on the average agricultural service cost and agricultural production expenditure,and contiguous planting is not conducive to land fragmentation.Offsetting effect.From the perspective of transaction cost economics,analyze the economic reasons for the coexistence of land fragmentation and land scale economy.Finally,in the context of highly fragmented land in China,we propose policy considerations that save land production costs and help achieve economies of scale in services.Based on the above analysis,the research conclusions of this article are as follows:1.Land fragmentation will significantly increase the average agricultural service cost per block and agricultural productive expenditure per block.The estimation results show that the attributes of land fragmentation,small size and irregular shape caused by land fragmentation will increase the average agricultural machinery service cost per block and the average agricultural productive expenditure to different extents,thus restricting the saving of land production costs.2.The continuous planting of plots will significantly reduce the average agricultural machinery service cost and the average agricultural production expenditure of the plot,and the average production cost of the plot can be saved without expanding the plot area.The research in this paper believes that the construction of machine farming roads and the promotion of parcel planting to the same plot of continuous plotting can reduce agricultural machinery service fees and agricultural productive expenses without expanding the plot area,so it may be a land saving under the condition of fine land.An important way to average production costs and obtain economies of scale in landservices.In addition,the decision of farmers to purchase agricultural machinery operation services is mainly affected by the situation of plots with machine farming.3.Continuous planting of plots can also save the average agricultural machinery service fees and average agricultural productive expenditures of more finely divided plots,which largely offset the average agricultural machinery service fees and average agricultural production expenses Adverse impacts,thereby increasing the possibility of farmers in more finely-divided plots saving plot production costs without transferring land management rights.Through continuous planting of plots,that is,constructing machine farming roads between fine plots and encouraging the cultivation of adjacent plots to converge,the area of plot work units can be expanded without changing the fine condition of the land,and agricultural machinery can be realized The possibility of continuous operation.Despite the long-term challenges of land fragmentation and the limitations of land transactions to eliminate the impact of land fragmentation,continuous land plot cultivation can still offset the adverse impact of land fragmentation to a certain extent,save land production costs,and Scale management and scale operation of agricultural machinery operation services replace land scale management,improve the availability of more fragmented farmers to obtain economies of scale in services,and achieve the integration of small farmers with large production.4.The mountainous terrain with more complicated land conditions Although the continuous planting cost is higher,the continuous planting effect is better.Mountainous areas can reduce the transaction cost of agricultural machinery operation services without changing the fine-grained conditions of the land,and find new ideas to increase the value of farmland assets of farmers in mountainous areas and share the economies of scale of agricultural machinery and equipment with farmers in adjacent plots.Continuous planting of plots can break the restrictions of topography and geomorphology,and break the policy idea of taking land resources as the center.It has become a common way to save plot production costs and achieve economies of scale under the condition of fine land.The research in this paper verifies that the continuous growth of land can be promoted on the scale economy without the transfer of land contractual management rights under the background of fine land fragmentation.The conclusions of this paper have important policy implications for saving land production costs and realizing economies of scale in the context of land fragmentation.Compared with policies thatpromote the centralized management of plots with excessive transaction costs,such as merger and exchange of plots,the promotion of contiguous planting of adjacent plots that belong to different farm households with contractual management rights can avoid complex land transaction links and remain unchanged.Under the condition of fine land,increase the area of land operation unit,reduce the transaction cost of agricultural machinery operation service,thereby saving the production cost of land,promoting the development of economies of scale of agricultural machinery service and the large-scale operation of land.This paper proposes the following policy recommendations:1.Encourage neighboring farmers on the plot to produce together.Taking the expansion of the operation area of the plot as an entry point to promote the convergence of adjacent plots,the technical mechanism is that the crop stubble and maturity are the same as those of the surrounding plots.In the mountainous areas,it is necessary to concentrate government power to promote the continuous cultivation of plots.This path may become a new idea for farmers in mountain areas to save plot production costs and obtain economies of scale for services without making land adjustments.2.Vigorously promote the construction of farmland infrastructure,such as the construction of mechanical plowing roads,and promote the interconnection between the plots.The construction of the perfect farming road can enhance the convenience of agricultural machinery movement,solve the transportation and uneconomical problems of agricultural machinery in the field,so that the agricultural machinery can move freely between the fine pieces of land to achieve continuous operation and save land.Production costs and increase the availability of economies of scale in services.On the one hand,government departments should vigorously promote the construction of machine-cultivated roads,develop diversified investment channels,actively integrate various types of capital investment,and increase subsidies for improving the construction of machine-cultivated roads;on the other hand,village cadres should actively organize farmers to volunteer Invest in labor to repair machine farms independently,and implement a special person responsible for the construction of machine farms in rural plots,focusing on scientific construction and strengthening maintenance,with equal emphasis on construction management.3.Cooperatives and village collectives are encouraged to develop land plot farming operations.Strengthen the strength of various collective economic organizations in rural areas,increase the organization of small farmers,guide small farmers to carry out joint production through joint farming,joint planting,and joint household operations,andaccept agricultural production services such as unified farming and harvesting.It is also possible to concentrate the finely divided lands by substituting cultivation to form unified planting and common production,and to realize large-scale continuous operation of agricultural machinery across regions.4.Development of land stock cooperatives.Farmers use the right of land contractual management to buy shares in cooperatives,which are operated by new agricultural operators such as cooperatives and large professional households to develop economies of scale.Possible innovations in this article:1.Research content: First,the research indicators are innovative.This paper introduces variables that reflect the irregular attributes of the plot shape to describe land fragmentation,and enriches the analysis of the impact of land fragmentation on the transaction costs of agricultural machinery operation services.Moreover,the explained variables in the quantitative study in this paper all choose the average parcel cost index to better verify the hypothesis from the parcel level.The second is to enrich the relevant research on land production costs.Taking the expansion of the work area of the plot as the starting point,the realization path of saving the production cost of the plot is enriched.2.Research perspective: First,it enriches the research perspective of land fragmentation.The research in this paper takes the point of not changing the degree of land fragmentation as a starting point,and incorporates the transaction cost of agricultural machinery operation services into the analysis framework to enrich and enrich the impact mechanism of land fragmentation on agricultural machinery operation services.The second is the innovation of the research perspective of continuous cropping methods.The technical mechanism proposed in this paper to realize the continuous planting of plots is the same as the surrounding plots in the stubble and maturity period and the plots are equipped with mechanical farming roads.The goal is to expand the area of the plot operation unit rather than the area of the property plot to make the agricultural machinery in the fine Between the plots to achieve the effect of continuous operation.3.Research methods: In the selection of empirical models,quantitative analysis of the average agricultural productive expenditure per block selects the endogenous conversion model to observe the sample situation of purchased and unpurchased agricultural machinery operation services,and further analyzes the action mechanism ofeach influencing factor.4.Research conclusion: This paper verifies that offsetting the adverse impact of land fragmentation on agricultural machinery operation services does not necessarily have to be through land mergers and exchanges and other high-cost land transfer links.It is further proposed that continuous land cultivation is based on land fragmentation And the possible way to save land production costs including land agricultural machinery service costs without the transfer of land management rights.The above research conclusions of this paper provide a useful reference for empirical analysis of the realization of the scale economy of land service under the conditions of small-scale operation and land fragmentation.The study also found that although the cost of continuous land plot cultivation in mountainous terrain is higher,the effect of continuous land cultivation is better.Government efforts should be concentrated to promote continuous land plot cultivation,which has certain value in solving the problem of land desertion in mountainous terrain. |
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