Regional Characteristics And Influencing Factors Of Job-housing Separation Of Employed Population In Shanghai

Based on the sample survey data of 1% of Shanghai’s population in 2015,this paper used various indicators to analyze the basic situation and regional characteristics of the job-housing separation and commuting of employees in Shanghai.At the same time,according to the questionnaire data,using the binary logistic regression model to explore the influencing factors and regional differences of the job-housing separation from the perspective of the characteristics of the employees themselves.The results show that the phenomenon of job-housing separation across districts is obvious in Shanghai.The degree of job-housing separation of local household registered employees in Shanghai is significantly higher than that of migrant employees.The separation rate increases with the improvement of education level.Employees engaged in tertiary industry are more likely to be separated.The commuting flow of the employees in the whole city is mainly from the suburbs to the central urban area and from the remote suburbs to the suburbs.1.The intensity of commuting outflow and inflow in each district of the central urban area is very strong,and there is a high intensity of inter-regional commuting convection.The southern part of the central urban area gathers high-intensity net inflow of commuters,while the northern part of the central urban area generally shows net outflow of commuters,but absorbs net inflow of commuters from the suburbs and remote suburbs.Commuting has a certain lifting effect on the structure of the employees in the southern part of the central urban area,which is mainly manifested in the higher proportion of the talent group and the employees engaged in the tertiary industry of the employees working in than the employees living in.According to the questionnaire survey,apart from the commuting mode,gender,household registration,marital status and education level are significant factors affecting whether employees living in central urban areas commute or not.Compared with the suburbs,the factors influencing the separation of employment and residencein the central urban area show the individual preferences reflecting their demographic characteristics.To a certain extent,this means that the outflow of commuters who live in central urban areas is not due to the lack of jobs in this area,but to seek jobs which are more in line with personal preferences.2.Suburbs gather intensive net outflow of commuters,and the net outflow of commuters from the suburbs to the central urban area is obviously larger than that the net inflow form remote suburbs.Although the total number of employment and residence in Pudong New Area is basically balanced,there are also large outflows and inflows of commuters.Commuting has a certain downward effect on the structure of the employees in the suburbs,which is mainly manifested in the lower proportion of the employees working in and the employees engaged in the tertiary industry than the employees living in.According to the questionnaire survey,household registration,annual average monthly income,the number of household financial burden,and commuting mode are significant factors affecting whether the employees living in the suburbs commute or not.Compared with the central urban area and the remote suburbs,employees’ choice of the place of employment and residence in the suburbs is more focused on economic factors.To a certain extent,this means that many employees living in the suburbs commute to the central urban area for employment,not only because of the lack of jobs in this area,but also because they can not afford houses in the central urban area.3.The degree of job-housing separation in the remote suburbs is significantly lower than that in the central urban area and the suburbs.The intensity of commuting outflow in Songjiang district is relatively large,and the net outflow of commuting is dominated by migrant employees.Compared with the central urban area and the suburbs,the structural difference of the people living and working in the remote suburbs is relatively small.The results of the questionnaire survey show that commuting mode,the form of housing and the distance from the nearest subway station are the significant factors affecting whether the employees living in the remote suburbs commute or not.Compared with the central urban area and the suburbs,the factors affecting the job-housing separation in the remote suburbs pay more attentionto the degree of transportation convenience.To a certain extent,this means that people living in remote suburbs are less likely to commute,not simply because they don’t want to seek better jobs,but because of the inconvenience of transportation.4.When the city’s spatial structure of residential function and employment function is established,whether the employed population is separated or not is directly dependent on the choice of occupational and residential place,which is closely related to commuting satisfaction.According to the questionnaire survey,the distance between occupational and residential place is not the most important factor when the respondents make decisions.The respondents’ commuting satisfaction is generally higher,and the commuting satisfaction of the employees without separation is higher than that of the employees with separation.As the distance from the urban center gets farther,the commuting satisfaction of the employees decreases.The degree of transportation’s convenience,economic income and education level are positively correlated with commuting satisfaction.Employees’ job-housing separation is mainly due to their self-selection,so their commuting satisfaction is generally higher,but this does not mean that there is no need to promote job-housing balance.Based on the empirical analysis,this paper also puts forward some policy recommendations to promote the balance between employment and residence.