Research On Problems And Countermeasures Of The Rural Homestead Management In China From The Perspective Of “Three Powers Separation”

The homestead is not only an integral part of rural land management system peculiar to China,but the surviving root for rural residents.Further,it is the key to ensuring a happy life for rural society,and the foundation for maintaining stability and harmony for the country.Arguably,homestead management plays an important role in national economy and people’s livelihood.The long history of China’s rural society,the huge number of rural residents,the large number of reforms related to homestead management,the rapid development of economy and society,and the backward reform of related policies contribute to various problems left over by history and considerable dimensions of reform.Also,the system and mechanism of homestead management still stagnates in the pattern of planned economy.As a result,a large number of homesteads remain idle nationwide,which leads to serious waste of land resources.At the same time,a large number of private transactions on homesteads prevail,so the bottom line of the homestead management system has been continuously broken,and the basic order of homestead management disrupted.The public management problems brought about by this have affected the land management order,economic order and social order of rural society,and hindered the stable development of rural society.With the title of “the study of the problems and countermeasures in the management of rural residential land in China from the perspective of‘three powers separation’ ”,this paper aims to solve the problems of homestead management.Combined with domestic and foreign researches on property rights,land circulation market,and government managementpolicies,this article will introduce the related concepts and ideas of homestead,homestead use rights,rural collective economic organizations and “three powers separation” based on land rent theory,homestead property rights theory,homestead circulation theory and public choice theory.Besides,five periods through out our history will be illustrated in this article: the homestead privately owned,the homestead beginning to be the collective ownership,the homestead circulation being restricted,the awareness of the property rights of the homestead strengthening,and the homestead reforms.Moreover,present management situations and problems of the homestead in China will be revealed,such as the lag of the system,the prevailing “invisible transaction” of the homestead circulation,and the steadily advancing pilot work of the “three powers separation”.Taking C County in a province of mid-China as an example,it introduces the emergence of a large number of “hollow villages” in C County,the phenomenon of one household with multiple houses,the per capita housing area exceeding the standard,and the common private transfer or rental of homesteads.Supplemented by questionnaires then,it explores the factors affecting the homesteads management under the perspective of "three powers separation" of homesteads,and finally puts forward four measures to implement the identification of members of rural collective economic organizations,to continue to do well in the homesteads power,to strengthen the supply of the "three powers" system for rural land and to further consolidate the basis of rural residents’ autonomy.