| With the accelerating of global urbanization,the increasing of the urban space and population scale,especially floating population,the corresponding need of a kind of vehicles which is equipped with large-carrying-capacity,high speed,and low pollution is urgent.Urban rail transit,as an important urban infrastructure,has become the first choice for many cities in the world due to its characteristics such as speediness,punctuality,environmental protecting,large-carrying-capacity and multi-mode.Since the construction of Shanghai tramcar in 1908,after more than 100 years of development,especially since the great reform and opening which began in 1979,with the rapid development of economy,the government authorities attaches great importance to urban rail transit in the process of globalization,which was regarded as important resource such as territory and invironment because it not only satisfies urban residents’ need of daily traveling,but also stimulates domestic demand,expands employment,intensifies land using and improves capacity rate.As the rising of the residents’ income and daily trip frequency,traffic is getting more and more congested.To improve traffic conditions,the government need take some emergency measures,so the urban rail transit develops rapidly in recent decades.But under the rapid developing of urban rail transit,due to its characteristic of public products,the operating loss is inevitable,fare income includes revenue from operation would never meet the need of rail transit system construction,either.The problems including strong demand for fund,weak profitability and lack of financing methods have making trouble for decision makers and rail transit builders during the whole process of construction.These problems are particularly prominent in China’s second-and third-tier cities.Therefore,how to solve the financing dilemma of urban rail transit with weak local financial resources,find suitable financing methods has become a question that has been constantly pondered by academic circles and rail transit builders.In recent years,Lanzhou,as an inland city in Northwest China,has issued some supporting policies on rail transit financing,tried some specific methods,and achieved some results,which have been recognized by other cities.The author of the paper has practical experience in financing.This article takes the financing dilemma that needs to be solved urgently as an entry point,combs the relevant theoretical research of urban rail transit financing at home and abroad,taking Lanzhou’s financing practice as an example,puts forward the financing model of "taking government investment as the guide,taking market diversification as the main body,taking resource-based financing as the guarantee,promoting equity financing and debt financing and resource development step by step,taking investment income as supplement".For the first time,a map of financing schemes with local characteristics was drawn.It proves that the rail transit enterprises in the second and third tier cities in China can basically solve the capital demand of rail transit through various financing methods under the premise of government project capital guarantee. |
