Sanalysis On Influencing Factors Of The Decline Of Specialized Villages In Agricultural Areas Of Eastern Plain Of Henan Province

In recent years,China has invested a lot of manpower and material resources in agricultural development,solving the problems of "rural","agricultural" and "farmers" has always been the top priority in the work of the whole party.Developing specialized villages has become a major way of agricultural industrialization.At present,the research of specialized villages in China focuses on the concept,formation factors and agglomeration of specialized villages.Most of them are researches on the positive development of specialized villages.So far the academic circles haven't yet paid enough attention to the decline and disappearance of specialized villages.From the perspective of geography,this paper,relying on the life cycle theory,rational smallholders and path dependence,uses social investigation method,inductive deduction method,content analysis method and other methods to study the characteristics of the decline of specialized villages in the eastern plain of Henan province,the factors affecting the decline of specialized villages of different industrial types and the rules they follow.On the basis of analyzing the formation and development of specialized villages in the eastern plain of Henan province,the paper firstly comprehensively reviewed the domestic related research progress on the influencing factors of the formation of specialized villages,and then build the logical analysis framework for studying the influencing factors of the decline of specialized villages.More concretely,it mainly analyzes the internal factors of the specialized village,Including the characteristics of the village's professional project itself,the talent driving,the development model.The external factors of specialized villages are analyzed from five aspects: science and technology,market,policy regulation,government guidance and support.The case of specialized village,Guduiwa village of Luyi county,Xiedian village of Yucheng county of and Lucun village of Yushi county,which Contains three types of specialized villages.we analyze the factors influencing the development of the three villages,and summarizes the process of the characteristics of planting specialized villages and handicraft specialized villages decline,analysis the dilemma faced by service-oriented specialized villages.Based on the analysis above,the paper compares and analyzes the effects of various factors on the three types of industrial specialized villages and the factors affecting the decline of specialized villages at different stages.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Specialized villages are the carriers for the development of products and industries in the village.According to the industry life cycle theory,the decline of specialized villages is an inevitable stage of specialized village development.The decline of a specialized villages are divided into three stages: The bottleneck stage,the recession stage,and the disappearance stage.Specialized villages in the bottleneck stage and recession stage must achieve secondary innovation in order to delay or get rid of the fate of recession or even decline.(2)Specialized villages of different industrial types have different degrees of vulnerability to decline.Specialized villages of primary industry type are the most vulnerable to decline,followed by secondary industry,and tertiary industry is the least vulnerable to decline.;The decline proportion of the primary industry type specialized villages is the largest and most of them are in the disappearance stage.The decline of the specialized villages of the secondary industry type is less than that of the primary industry type and most of them are in the recession stage.Most specialized villages of the tertiary industry are in the bottleneck stage.(3)The factors affecting the decline of specialized villages mainly include the following aspects: Characteristics of the specialized village itself,such as not meet the requirements of the times,the complicated process,the high investment;Driving capacity,such as the lack of capable people;Development modes,such as the lack of organizational development model construction;Science and technology,such as lack of technological innovation;Market role,such as poor market environment,market saturation;Government role,such as policy regulation.(4)The dominant factors of the decline of specialized villages of different industrial types are different.The disappearance of characteristic planting specialized villages is mainly influenced by the internal factors of specialized village,for example,the professional projects themselves are not in line with the development of the times and lack of capable people.The decline of specialized villages in handicraft industry is mainly influenced by external factors of the village,for example,the role of government and science and technology,the materials and production processes of specialized villages are affected by policy regulation.In order to achieve secondary breakthrough development,it is necessary to find alternative materials and realize technological innovation.Service-oriented specialized villages must increase endogenous power,inject new forces,and achieve sustainable development.(5)Specialized villages may decline no matter what stage they are in.The formation period and development period are the high incidence period of specialized village decline.The decline of specialized villages is the result of the comprehensive action of multiple factors inside and outside of the villages,driven by the interests of rational small farmers and role of path dependence.The characteristics of the professional village itself are the basic factors affecting the decline of specialized villages.The lack of a good organizational development model is an important factor affecting the decline of specialized villages.The market can directly affect the decline or even disappear of specialized villages to a certain extent.Policy regulation is an institutional factor in the decline of specialized villages;The role of village elites and technological innovation can delay or even prevent the decline of specialized villages.In the process of development of specialized villages,the villages should guide and cultivate the specialized villages in an orderly way according to the time and the place,and also should be in accordance with the different development stages of the specialized villages.As for the early stage of specialized villages' development,the villages should combine regional characteristics and develop professional projects which with long-term vitality,and avoid blindly choosing professional projects and carrying out construction of specialized villages and towns in response to national policies.In the early formation stage of specialized villages,the consciousness of the rural capable person driving should be cultivated to lay a good foundation for the development of specialized villages.In the mid-term of the development of specialized villages,it's necessary to form a good organizational production model gradually,and improve the ability of specialized villages dealing with risks,expand the market sales space through multiple channels,and then enhance the competitiveness of specialized villages by using science and technology.Furthermore,when problems arise in the process of specialized villages' development,the government should actively guide and give effective supports.