Research On The Economic Vulnerability Of Specialized Tourist Cities

The tourism industry hailed as the "forever rising industry",is a comprehensive industry and strategic pillar of the national economy with low resource consumption,large driving coefficient,multiple employment opportunities,and comprehensive benefits.Moreover,it has economic functions of creating foreign exchange,returning funds,improving income,increasing tax revenues,stimulating employment,narrowing regional disparities,stimulating the development of related industries and so on.However,there are some regions,such as Lijiang in Yunnan,Zhangjiajie in Hunan and Aba in Sichuan have developed their tourism industry with comparative advantage in tourism resources,which has greatly promoted economic and social development.These regions have relatively neglected and inhibited the development of other industries,and thus form the status quo of tourism as a single pillar industry and regional economic development over-reliance on tourism industry.There are a series of problems such as the lag of economic development,single pillar industry,external economic dependence,hollow industrial structure,hidden development risks and etc.Therefore,based on the clarification of the research background,research significance,research methods and research programs(Chapter 1),this study combed relevant researches on regional economic fragility and tourism economic vulnerability at home and abroad,and defined related concepts(Chapter 2).Then used the research methods applied to the analysis of different regional economic or industrial development to analyze the differences in the development of different industries in the same region and conducted comparative analysis to examine the distortion of the industrial structure and hidden problems in Zhangjiajie(Chapter 3).At the same time,the evaluation index system of economic vulnerability of Tourism specialization area was constructed,and the economic vulnerability assessment was carried out by combining the data of case,and the main factors affecting economic vulnerability were determined by means of obstacle model(Chapter 4).The main conclusions of this study include:(1)Specialized tourism cities refer to the vigorous development of the tourism industry,while other industries are developing slowly,and economic development mainly depends on the tourism destinations of the tourism industry.The specific performance is as follows:tourism as the leading industry in the region,tourism as the main function of the region,tourism as the main brand of the region,tourism as the master environment of the region;focusing on tourism to clarify the main tasks of the region;relying on and serving the development of tourism in both regional urban construction,product development,service system,talents reserve and other aspects.(2)By comparing the output value of the primary industry,the secondary industry and the total tourism revenue of Zhangjiajie in the past 21 years,it can be found that the total development and growth rate of the tourism industry in the case is much higher than the primary industry and the secondary industry.Tourism is a typical single-pillar industry in Zhangjiajie.From the perspective of Range,RHL,Standard Deviation and Coefficient of Variation of industry development,it shows that the absolute difference and relative difference between the development of the primary industry,the secondary industry and the tourism industry in the case has shown a continually rapid expansion trend,and the tourism industry has a significant contribution to the expansion of the development gap between the three industries.From the primacy ratio,the primacy ratio of Zhangjiajie is far greater than 2%,which shows that economic development is excessively concentrated in tourism and the industrial structure is unbalanced.From the Gini coefficient,the Gini coefficients of Zhangjiajie exceed 0.4,breaking the warning line of industrial differences(3)Through the evaluation of economic vulnerability,it is found that tourism specialization has a significant negative impact on regional economic development,mainly because the economic development is over-reliant on the sensitive tourism industry,the regional economic sensitivity is difficult to improve;even if the regional economy's ability to cope with internal and external disturbances continues to increase,it still cannot match the high-sensitivity development model,and economic development has shown high vulnerability.In the past twenty years,especially in the past three years,the economic development has been extremely fragile or very fragile,which is not conducive to the sustainable development of the regional economy.From the perspective of the factors that lead to economic fragility,the excessive dependence on tourism and lack of capacity for economic development,the lack of sustainable growth potential of the tourism economy and the low level of overall economic development are the main reasons for the high vulnerability of Zhangjiajie's economic development.