Research On The Financing Mechanism Of Long-term Care Insurance In Shandong Province

In 1994,the number of elderly people aged 60 and over in Shandong Province reached 8.99 million,accounting for 10.37% of the total population of the province.It became the sixth province in the country to enter an aging society and entered the aging society 6 years earlier than the whole country.After more than 20 years of growth,by the end of 2018,the number of elderly people aged 60 and over in the province has increased to 22.39 million,accounting for 22.29% of the total population of the province,which is 4.4 percentage points higher than the national average.Among them,the number of elderly people aged 65 and over reached 15.111 million,accounting for 15.01% of the total population,which also indicates that Shandong Province has entered a moderate aging society.At the same time,the number of elderly people,such as disability and partial disability,is also increasing rapidly.At the end of 2015,the number of disabled and partially disabled elderly in the province reached 3.7 million,accounting for 19% of the total number of elderly people in the province.Above,it is predicted that it will reach 4.41 million by 2020.The long-term care problem of the elderly,such as disability and semi-disability,has brought great pressure on pensions and medical care.As the country's largest province for the elderly,Shandong Province faces an unprecedented ageing challenge.In the face of severe challenges,building a universal long-term care insurance is an inevitable choice for Shandong Province.As a good solution to effectively solve the problem of long-term care for disabled and half-disabled elderly people,long-term care insurance has been practiced in developed countries such as Germany and Japan and achieved good results.In China,Qingdao took the lead in establishing a long-term medical care insurance system in the country in 2012 and achieved positive results.In 2014,Shandong Province decided to conduct long-term care insurance pilots in Rizhao,Liaocheng,Dongying and Weifang.In 2017,under the guidance of national policies and in combination with the previous pilots,Shandong Province formulated and issued the "Opinions of the General Office of the People's Government of Shandong Province on the Trial of Long-Term Care Insurance System for Staff and Workers" and decided to use the three-year period to establish long-term care insurance in the province.The establishment of long-term care insurance,the core is to solve the problem of "money",therefore,the establishment of a reasonable financing mechanism is an inevitable requirement.Building a reasonable financing mechanism and maintaining financial balance is the key to the steady operation of long-term care insurance.This paper first analyzes the background of the long-term care insurance financing mechanism in Shandong Province,discusses the financing mechanism of long-term care insurance in Germany,Japan and South Korea.Based on the experience of Germany,Japan and Korea,combined with the relevant policies of cities in Shandong Province and the analysis of financing factors,the preliminary design of the financing mechanism for long-term care insurance in Shandong Province was carried out.Then based on the 2015 national 1% population sample survey data and the Shandong Statistical Yearbook data,the ILO fundraising model was used to measure the payment level of the long-term care insurance in Shandong Province under the pay-as-you-go system.At the same time,the analysis of the rate sharing and feasibility of each fundraising entity is carried out,and the three preliminary plans for implementing demand care insurance in Shandong Province is obtained.After comprehensive analysis,it is considered that the second scheme is more suitable for the current implementation in Shandong Province,that is,from 2016 to 2030,the government will pay 40%,and the company and the individual will share the ratio of 1:1,each burden is 30%,and the corporate and individual contribution rate is between 0.43% and 0.57%.The burden on all parties can be sustained.Finally,several suggestions were put forward from the perspective of constructing a reasonable financing mechanism and appropriate level of financing,including improving the top-level design,improving laws and regulations,broadening funding channels and establishing evaluation mechanisms,with a view to providing reference for the building and development of the long-term care insurance financing mechanism in Shandong Province.The establishment of a reasonable long-term care insurance financing mechanism can not only provide financial security for meeting the needs of long-term care services for disabled and half-disabled people,but also an important institutional guarantee for continuously promoting social fairness and justice.I hope that through the research in this paper,we can further trigger the discussion and thinking of the long-term care insurance financing mechanism,and constantly improve the people's sense of acquisition,happiness and security.