| Under the new normal economic situation,the key task for socialism with Chinese characteristics to enter a new era is to implement innovation-driven strategy and achieve high-quality development of China’s economy.High-tech industry has the characteristics of knowledge-intensive and technology-intensive.It is one of the most active industries of technological innovation in a country or region.Its efficiency of technological innovation largely determines the innovation ability of the whole country or region.Reasonable development of high-tech industry is of great significance for China to implement innovation-driven strategy and build an innovative country.Industrial agglomeration is the main location mode of the development of high-tech industries.The external effect of industrial agglomeration is an important driving force to promote technological innovation.Industrial agglomeration has two forms:specialized agglomeration and diversified agglomeration.Specialized agglomeration mainly promotes the technological innovation from four aspects:knowledge spillover,cooperative innovation,strengthening competition and reducing costs.Diversified agglomeration mainly improves the technological innovation from four aspects:industrial association,technological complementarity,innovation environment and satisfying consumption preferences.Through the calculation of the level of specialization agglomeration and diversification agglomeration of high-tech industries in 30 provinces and municipalities of China,the results show that there is a reverse relationship between the level of specialization agglomeration of high-tech industries and the level of economic development.That is,in the economically developed provinces,the level of specialization agglomeration of high-tech industries is relatively low,while in the relatively backward provinces,the level of specialization agglomeration of high-tech industries is high.Besides,this paper finds that the high-tech industries in the economically developed provinces have highly diversified agglomeration characteristics.For the relatively backward provinces,the diversified agglomeration level of high-tech industries is relatively low.The reason for this may lie in the strong economic foundation,complete industrial system and the concentration of innovative factors in the economically developed areas,which can simultaneously develop a variety of high-tech industries,so the level of diversification agglomeration is relatively high;while the economically underdeveloped areas have limited economic strength,single industry and scarce innovative factors,and can only rely on their own regional resources endowment and national regional strategy to develop some high-tech industries,so the level of professional agglomeration is high.At the same time,this paper uses the super-efficiency DEA model to calculate the technological innovation efficiency of high-tech industries in 30 provinces and cities of China from 2007 to 2016.The results show that there are great differences among provinces and cities in the technological innovation efficiency of high-tech industries,the efficiency of technological innovation in Beijing,Jiangsu and Guangdong is over 0.8,while that in Hebei,Inner Mongolia,Heilongjiang and Guangxi is less than 0.3,and the technological innovation efficiency of high-tech industries in economically developed provinces is higher.In order to explore the different effects of different modes of industrial agglomeration on technological innovation efficiency,with the help of panel data of 30 provinces and cities in China,this paper empirically tests the impact of specialization and diversification agglomeration on technological innovation efficiency by using stochastic effect model.The results show that,on the one hand,the impact of high-tech industry specialization agglomeration on technological innovation efficiency has an"inflection point"effect,and in the early stage of specialization agglomeration,the improvement of the level of specialization agglomeration inhibits the improvement of the efficiency of technological innovation.When the level of specialization agglomeration reaches a certain threshold of 10.5,the improvement of the level of specialization agglomeration is conducive to improving the efficiency of technological innovation.That is,the impact of specialization agglomeration of high-tech industry on the efficiency of technological innovation presents a "U"feature.On the other hand,the impact of diversification agglomeration of high-tech industry on the efficiency of technological innovation is significantly positive,this strongly validates Jacobs’ externality theory,which shows that the diversification of high-tech industries in the region will help to improve the efficiency of technological innovation.Finally,based on the empirical results,this paper tries to put forward corresponding policy recommendations:first,to promote the rational agglomeration of high-tech industries,mainly including:to give full play to the role of industrial agglomeration of high-tech zones and to choose the specialization and diversification of high-tech industry agglomeration according to local conditions.The second is to improve the efficiency of technological innovation in high-tech industries,including improving the talent cultivation and mobility system,providing innovative financial support from various sources,deepening the cooperation mechanism between industry,University and research,and improving the intellectual property protection system. |
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