| Innovation is the first driving force for development and the strategic support for building a modern economic system in China.As an important industry support for innovation,the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries will largely affect the regional innovation capability.In order to improve the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries,most local governments have adopted the method of accelerating the industrial specialized agglomeration such as the construction of industrial parks.However,in recent years a new development trend has emerged in the industrial agglomeration model,which has gradually transformed from the traditional model represented by the industrial park to the new one represented by the industrial community.Most of the traditional industrial agglomeration models only focus on production functions and most of the laborers only get incentives in terms of wages,while the new one also focus on life functions and actively provide other incentives for laborers.So,what is the reason for this kind of change? In other words,is there a limitation in the traditional industrial agglomeration model in terms of enhancing the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries? In view of the different effects of wage incentive on workers under traditional and new industrial agglomeration models,an industrial agglomeration theory and research method based on the perspective of wage incentive is needed.This paper combines the existing industrial agglomeration theory with comprehensive incentive theory,reconstructs the theoretical analytical framework between specialized agglomeration and innovation efficiency from the perspective of laborer wage incentive,and proposes a brand-new mechanism which is called wage incentive effect.Based on theoretical analysis,this paper uses the panel data of 30 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in China from the year 2003 to 2016 to construct a mediation effect model,confirming the overall impact of high-tech industry specialized agglomeration on innovation efficiency and the important role played by wage incentive effect.In addition,through theoretical and empirical analysis,the reasons and specific performances of industrial and regional heterogeneity in the wage incentive effect are further clarified.The results are as follows:(1)there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between high-tech industry specialized agglomeration and innovation efficiency,that is,there is an optimal scale of specialization to maximize the industrial innovation efficiency;(2)there is a wage incentive effect in the high-tech industry specialized agglomeration,that is,an increase in the level of agglomeration will reduce the wage incentive intensity received by laborers,thereby reducing innovation efficiency;(3)after eliminating the wage incentive effect,the relationship between specialized agglomeration and innovation efficiency will be improved,and the optimal scale of specialized agglomeration will also be expanded;(4)the wage incentive effect generated by specialized agglomeration of non-state-owned industries is more obvious;(5)the wage incentive effect generated by specialized agglomeration in non-intensive areas is more obvious.According to the results above,the following conclusions are obtained:(1)the high-tech industry specialized agglomeration has the optimal scale which corresponds to the highest innovation efficiency,but the existence of the wage incentive effect makes it underestimated;(2)when there is the wage incentive effect,the best effect of high-tech industry specialized agglomeration on innovation efficiency cannot be brought into full play,that is to say,the traditional industrial agglomeration model which is greatly affected by the wage incentive effect has certain limitations in improving the innovation efficiency of high-tech industries;(3)for different types of high-tech subdivided industries and different regions,the degree to which innovation efficiency is suppressed by the wage incentive effect will also vary.Specifically,industries and regions that are more affected by the wage incentive effect should give priority to promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industrial agglomeration model.The innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)according to the comprehensive incentive theory,the index of wage incentive intensity is constructed,which is equal to the ratio of laborer’s wage remuneration and labor’s marginal output,thus combining the laborer’s return and pay in order to reflect their effort level;(2)combining the existing industrial agglomeration theory and comprehensive incentive theory,a new theoretical analysis framework between specialized agglomeration and innovation efficiency is reconstructed from the perspective of labor wage incentive,and the existence and important role of wage incentive effect of specialized agglomeration is confirmed from both theoretical and empirical level,which not only supplements the existing industrial agglomeration theory,but also provides a theoretical explanation for the actual phenomenon of the current industrial agglomeration model transformation;(3)based on the theoretical analysis framework constructed,this paper further analyzes the reasons and specific performances of industrial and regional heterogeneity in the wage incentive effect,on the basis of this,a new heterogeneity classification standard is determined and thus targeted industrial development suggestions are put forward;(4)according to the empirical results,the optimal scale of specialized agglomeration corresponding to the highest innovation efficiency of high-tech industries is calculated,and the impact of wage incentive effect on this optimal scale is also analyzed,so as to provide data-level support for future countermeasures. |
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