Spatial Pattern Evolution And Landscape Ecological Effects Of Land Use In Xiannvshan Tourist Holiday Resort In Chongqing

At present,China’s tourism industry is changing from sightseeing to leisure vacation,and tourism resorts are developing rapidly.Land is the core carrier for the development of tourist resorts,and the spatial transformation of tourist resorts is directly reflected in land use changes.Therefore,how to accurately identify the land use types of mountain tourism resorts,explore the evolution and driving mechanism of land use spatial pattern,clarify its landscape ecological effects,simulate and predict future land use changes,and have important significance for the sustainable development of mountain tourism resorts.This paper takes the Xiannvshan tourist holiday resort as the research object,which is the only national tourist holiday resort in Chongqing.Through the establishment of land use classification system,using ArcGIS 10.2,Fragstats 4.2 and IDRISI 17.0 software,the spatial pattern evolution and landscape ecological effects of the study area in 2010-2017 were analyzed.The changes in the future land area and spatial pattern of the study area are predicted,and the existing problems and countermeasures of land use are explored.The specific research results are as follows:(1)Land use type change: In the slow development stage,the land use change in the study area is relatively slow,and the single land use dynamic degree is low.In the rapid development stage,the area conversion between the land use types is significantly increased,and the land use dynamics is significantly improved.Among them,mainly based on high-end residential land,the follow up growth of leisure and fitness land,tourist hotel land,scenic viewing land and tourism and catering land.From the perspective of land use scale,the high-end residential land is the core,supplemented by tourism supporting facilities such as scenic viewing land,tourist hotel land,tourist catering land and leisure and fitness land.The relatively effective connection between tourism versatility(summer vacation,sightseeing,health and wellness)and land use in Xiannvshan tourist holiday resort has been realized.(2)Spatial pattern evolution: The spatial form of land used in the study area is characterized by “core-edge”.From the static observation point of view,“core” refers to the administrative area of Xiannvshan tourist holiday resort,“edge” refers to the newly developed and developed tourist attractions and tourism-related supporting service land;from the dynamic evolution,“core-edge” The spatial form is increasingly prominent and exhibits a spatial expansion of points,lines and planes.The land use structure is based on the “forest land + cultivated land” as the core of the mountain resort town and the scenic area relying on land use combination mode,and gradually shift to the combination of tourism resorts with “forest land + cultivated land + commercial land” as the core.The land use function has gradually shifted from the traditional single administrative,production and residential functions to the “multicomposite” functions of catering,accommodation,sightseeing,leisure,shopping,recreation and fitness to meet the needs of tourists.(3)Driving mechanism: Based on endogenous drivers such as location conditions,natural conditions,infrastructure and residents’ behaviors and choices,external drivers such as government behavior,social investment and tourism development transformation are the core elements.It has formed a driving mechanism for land use change in Xiannvshan tourist holiday resort and played different roles in different stages of tourism development.(4)Landscape type and ecological effect: The landscape diversity and uniformity of the study area showed a downward trend,while the degree of landscape fragmentation,polymerization degree and human activity interference gradually increased,and the ecological environment was affected.Specifically,the Xiannvshan tourist holiday resort is mainly composed of natural landscapes such as forest land and cultivated land,supplemented by urban construction landscapes such as high-end residential land,tourist hotel land,and tourist catering land.The landscape fragmentation of rural residential land and cultivated land is the highest,and the concentration of forest land,transportation land and high-end residential land is the highest,while the degree of landscape polymerization is increasing,reflecting the development and protection mode of concentrated and multi-group development in the study area.The spatial distribution pattern of artificial disturbance intensity in the study area is dominated by low,low and medium intensity artificial interference areas,and high and high intensity artificial interference areas are concentrated.(5)CA-Markov model simulation and prediction results: The spatial simulation accuracy of the study area in 2017 is 0.91,and the simulation results have higher credibility,reflecting that the influences of elevation,slope and spatial distance on land use change in the study area are significant.In the future land use change,the forest land will be used as the main transfer land,and the area will continue to decrease;commercial land use will continue to increase,with the most obvious increase in tourism management and service facilities;the transportation land,cultivated land,garden land and grassland have grown synergistically,and the versatility of tourismrelated land has become increasingly prominent.Based on the above conclusions,suggestions are made from various aspects such as policy,technology,efficiency and ecology.It is expected to promote the sustainable development of the research area through sound land use policies,improvement of land use technical indicators,improvement of land use comprehensive benefits,improvement of tourism transportation facilities and strengthening of ecological environmental protection.