Study On The Collective Action Mechanism Of Self-governance Of Heterogeneous Individuals

The non-excludability of public goods leads to the motivation of free-riding in the consumption and provision of public goods.Under the assumption of traditional economic,the strategy of free-riding is a dominant strategy,which makes the collective action of provision of public goods difficult to occur and maintain.In the context of China,there are many success or failure cases on provision of public goods.Then what is the mechanism of self-governance of heterogeneous individuals? What is the inherent law? And what are the requirements and key variables for the occurrence and maintenance of a successful collective action? There still remains to be for further research.This paper relaxes the assumption of the traditional economics and introduces the heterogenous preference of individual,social preference and institution of punishment.Based on model of Price equation with multi-selection and model of Lanchester's law with punishment,and a tracked case on self-governance of urbanizing villages which is looked like a quasi-natural experiment,this paper finds that heterogeneous individuals can also achieve self-governance.In other words,there is a stable cooperative-solution in the behavior game.To achieve this cooperative-solution,the key factor is the proportion of group interests and individual costs,and the proportion of individuals who have the altruistic preference in the group.To maintain this cooperative-solution,the key factor is the existence of self-organization and people who have altruistic punisher in group,especially the institution of punishment that accords with individual stable expectation,then develop the governance mechanism of autonomy and interaction on public affairs.In addition,this paper also finds that the institution of endogenous punishment is more effective than exogenous punishment to ensure occurrence and maintenance of self-governance of collective action.Therefore,through the model deduction and analysis of Shenzhen West Village,this paper gives a possibility to solve the dilemma of collective action of the cooperative governance under the situation of "market failure" and the absence of government's role.In addition,the analysis of the West Village can provide samples for the management of the floating population in the urbanizing villages,the reconstruction and governance of the urbanizing villages and useful experience for the development of new urbanization.