Economic History Of The Korean Ethnic Group In Chin

Chinese Korean were farming ethnic who had migrated from the Korean Peninsula.They moved to the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and continued until the founding of the People's Republic of China.There were four great immigrant waves.They were one of the latest minority among the 56 ethnic groups to join the Chinese nation's family.In the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty,after the victory of the Saerhu War,the Hou Jin Dynasty plundered hundreds of thousands of Korean soldiers and civilians into Northeast China.Most of them served as serfs in the nobleman's estate.These Korean immigrants were Chineseized and merged into Manchu and other ethnic groups.It was the earliest Korean who settled in China.In the second half of the 19th century,Korea's natural disasters and internal and external conflicts led to a large number of impoverished Korean borderers moving across the Tumen and Yalu Rivers to Northeast China,forming a second migration waves.At this time,Northeast China was at the beginning of the ban.With regard to the huge Korean immigrants,the Qing government took measures to provide Korean immigrants with the policy of "Ti fa yi fu" and to join the Chinese citizen to obtain land ownership.At the same time,they encouraged Korean immigrants to grow rice and spread it to all parts of Northeast China;Although the number of Korean in Chinese Nationality is not large,the Chinese official has officially recognized the Korean in Chinese Nationality as a Chinese citizen,marking the formal formation of the Chinese Korean.After Japan annexed Korea in 1910,especially after Korea's "3·1 Movement"failed,A large number of Korea's refugees and patriots who had lost their homes moved into Northeast China,and formed a third migration waves.Japanese imperialism vainly exploited the Northeast China Koreans to encroachment Chinese territory,the Northeastern authorities have settled their borders and territories intact,persuaded Korean immigrants to "Naturalization" and detached from Japanese control.At the same time,the Fengtian authorities encouraged Koreans to develop paddy fields and grow rice,Making Northeast paddy field developed by large area.After the "September 18" Incident,Japan occupied the northeastern region of China,and the Koreans moved to Northeast China again under the guidance of Japan's "Manchuria Rural Immigration Program";this stage is divided into the early "September 18" Incident that Korean immigrants who moved freely and Korean pioneering immigrations who entered in the late period of the Pseudo-Manchu;Chinese Koreans under the Pseudo-Manchu colonial economy were brutally enslaved and exploited without any economic rights.The Chinese Communist Party led the Korean people in the New-democratic Revolution,making the Chinese Koreans obtain land and turning to be the masters;after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,most of Chinese Koreans chose to stay in China.Together with other nationalities in the country,Participate the New-democratic Revolution and Socialist Revolutions in the fields of their motherland that they love,and to build a socialist economic system.On the eve of the founding of New China,Chinese Korean' migration activities gradually stabilized.Chinese Korean migrated to the ethnic group.Studying the economic history of Chinese Korean is conducive to revealing the economic relationship between the immigrants as a national minority and the peoples before they move in,and the laws of economic development of Immigrant.There are many different features between Chinese Korean and other minorities on the evolution of China's Korean economic system,the transformation of production methods,and the development of ethnic and economic relations between Chinese Koreans and other ethnic groups in China.In addition,the research on the economic history of the Chinese Korean people still has the guiding and reference significance for the economic development of the Chinese Korean people today.The thesis consists of five chapters.Chapters 1 and 2 study the Chinese Korean economy during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Since ancient times,North Korea is China's Vassal state.North Koreans often came to China to pay tribute and mutual business,and have close economic exchanges.In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties,after the three wars plundered by North Korea against North Korea,they took a large number of North Korean soldiers and civilians,forming the first climax of Korean migration to China.In the late period of the Korean Li dynasty,the North Korean government of the feudal shogunate was corrupt and incompetent,resulting in the bankruptcy of large numbers of North Korean peasants,the loss of land.All those predicament and the natural disasters in North Korea in the second half of the 19th century forced North Korean border migrants to move to the Northeast of resource-rich Northeast China area.Because of the internal and external problems,the crisis in East Xinjiang,and the fact that the North Korean border population has moved in a large number,the Qing government began to lift the northeastern imprisonment,implemented immigrants and established border areas,established North Korean special zones,encouraged North Koreans to "shave their hair",joined Chinese nationals,and took photos and became a Chinese citizen.Most of the Korean immigrants in the late Qing Dynasty migrated autonomously,opposing to national assimilation.So only about 10%of the Korean nationals had obtained land ownership through "shaving the easy service";the other Korean nationals who did not join the Chinese nationality obtained land-use rights by the people tenant system.Under the rule of the Qing Dynasty's totalitarian bureaucracy,the Koreans began the reform of the small-farmers'production mode based on households.Chinese Korean cultivated wasteland and planted dry fields in the northeast,introducing rice cultivation techniques,developing paddy fields,and built water conservancy facilities,which changed the traditional dry farming structure in the northeast.Most of the immigration are engaged in agriculture,some of them also participate in modern industrial production in northeastern China as laborers or engage in handicrafts and business activities in the form of self-employed individuals.With the help of ethnic groups such as Manchu and Han nationalities,the Koreans developed and built Northeast and gradually took root in China.The third chapter studies the Korean economy in the early period of the Republic of China.After the merger of Japan and the DPRK in 1910,North Korea was only an empty title.Especially after the failure of the "South Korea 31 movement," the North Koreans who had suffered the pain of their own country began to migrate to the northeast for the third time.The three Northeastern Provinces of China under the semi-colonial and semi-bureaucratic economy in the early days of the Republic of China continued their Policy of reclamation,encouraging Korean immigrants to develop paddy fields and grow rice.After Japan annexed North Korea,it attempted to encroach on the Chinese territory through the Northeast Koreans,regarding them as the pawns of Japan's invasion of China.These immigrants were not only oppressed by the bureaucratic landlords of the Feng warlords,but also suffered from Japanese imperialist colonial rule.Chinese Korean under double oppression struggled hard in the Northeast.The fourth chapter is about the Chinese Korean economy during the period of the Pseudo-Manchu Period.Japan occupied in the three northeastern provinces after the Mukden Incident broke out in 1931,established puppet manchukuo in March of the following year,implementing the economic control system,and started a 14-year-old colonial rule over the area.The Koreans under the colonial economy in northeastern China did not have any economic rights.The peasants became tenant peasants or peon of the Japanese and Puppet forces.Refugees were placed in "safe rural areas" and "group tribes" and lived in a non-human life.Those people exploited by the Japanese imperialists did not have any guarantee of life.The Korean-Chinese economy became an important and special part of the Northeast colonial economy during the pseudo-Manchu period.Chapter 5 is concerning about the Chinese Korean economy during the period of new-democratic revolution and socialist revolution.Having a glorious revolutionary tradition,the Korean people have waged various forms of struggle against Japanese imperialism since moving to China,becoming the first people to fight against Japan in the Northeast.During the period of the New Democratic Revolution,the Koreans successively carried out many anti-Japanese economic struggles under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,spearheading imperialism and the bureaucratic landlord class.After the "September 18th Incident," the Communist Party of China established Anti-Japanese United Front,led the Chinese Korean to build anti-Japanese guerrilla bases and launched guerrilla warfare.Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,Korean commanders and soldiers fought in the north and south of the motherland,and made great achievements in the war of resistance against Japan and the liberation war.The Korean people in the enemy-occupied areas,saving their food and clothing,provided a lot of manpower and material resources for the revolutionary army.During the war of liberation,responding to the party's call,the Koreans set off an agrarian reform movement in the Korean-inhabited areas,eliminated the bureaucratic landlord class,and seized the land,turning to be the masters.During the socialist revolution,the Koreans actively participated in the restoration of the national economy and provided a good economic foundation for socialist transformation.After the completion of the three major transformations,the Chinese Koreans,together with other ethnic groups in China,established a socialist economic system,embarked on the path of socialist economic development,forming into a new type of inter-ethnic economic relations of equality,unity,mutual assistance,and harmony.Since then,the national economy of the Chinese Korean has started the process of industrialization and socialist modernization.