| Objective: By observing the effects of different intervention schemes such as aerobic exercise,Bacillus gavage,Bacillus subtilis gavage and their combination on the body weight and blood lipid index of Nutritional Obese rats,this paper analyzes the correlation between gut microbiota diversity and species richness and lipid-lowering and weight-lowering,and screened differentially expressed genes related to lipid metabolism in liver.To discuss the possible mechanism of aerobic exercise combined with probiotic intervention in the process of reducing fat and weight.Methods: SD rats were fed with high fat diet for 8 weeks to establish a Nutritional Obese Rat model.The obese rats were randomly divided into five groups: obese control group(group A),aerobic exercise group(group B),Bacillus group(group C),Bacillus subtilis group(group D),and aerobic exercise + probiotics group(group E).The body length,body weight,epididymis and perirenal fat weight of rats were measured;blood lipid biochemical detection kit was used to determine four levels of blood lipid;16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to analyze and compare the effects of different interventions on gut microbiota diversity and species richness of obese rats;differential expression genes related to lipid metabolism in rat liver were screened by RNA-Seq technology.Result:(1)Compared with the general diet control group,the weight of rats in the high fat diet group increased significantly(P < 0.001),the serum LDL-C content increased significantly,and the HDL-C content decreased significantly.(2)Aerobic exercise intervention could significantly reduce body weight,fat body ratio,LEES'S index and increase HDL-C content in obese rats;the gut microbiota Chaos index increased significantly,and the Actinobacteria,Verrucomicrobia levels were significantly increased at the phylum level,the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae,Verruconicrobiaceae,Streptococcaceae increased significantly at the level of family,and Ruminococcaceae decreased significantly;The expression of key differentially expressed genes Acot and Cyp17a1 related to lipid metabolism was down-regulated,while the expression of Acsl3 and Acat2 was up-regulated.(3)Bacillus intervention resulted in a slight decrease in body weight and LEES'S index,and a significant decrease in liposome ratio in the obese rats.The Chaos index of the gut microbiota increased slightly,and the abundance of Verruconicrobiaceae increased significantly.The expression of key differentially expressed genes Acsl5 related to lipid metabolism was up-regulated.(4)Bacillus subtilis intervention significantly reduced the liposome ratio in obese rats;the gut microbiota Chaos index increased slightly,the intestinal Verruconicrobiaceae increased,and Ruminococcaceae decreased;The expression of key differentially expressed genes Acsl5,Acat2,Hsd3b5 and Fdft1 related to lipid metabolism was up-regulated,while the expression of Cptla was down-regulated.(5)Aerobic exercise plus probiotic intervention resulted in significant weight loss,lipid-body ratio and LEES'S index decreased significantly,serum LDL-C content decreased significantly,and HDL-C content increased significantly;the gut microbiota Chaos index increased significantly,and the Verrucomicrobia,Deferribacteres levels were significantly increased at the phylum level,the abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae,Verruconicrobiaceae,Deferribacteraceae increased significantly at the level of family,and Ruminococcaceae decreased significantly;The expression of key differentially expressed genes Acat2 and Acsl3 related to lipid metabolism was up-regulated,while the expression of Cyp17a1 and Acat2 was down-regulated.Conclusion:(1)Aerobic exercise can significantly increase the diversity of gut microbiota,regulate the species richness of gut microbiota,and effectively improve blood lipid metabolism,which overall plays a role in reducing fat and weight.(2)Alone Bacillus or Bacillus subtilis gavage could increase the diversity of gut microbiota and slightly decrease the Ruminococcaceae abundance associated with obesity,suggesting that probiotics may promote weight loss in obese rats,but the effect needs further study.(3)The combined intervention of aerobic exercise and probiotics could also significantly increase the diversity of gut microbiota,regulate the species richness of gut microbiota,and effectively regulate blood lipid metabolism.The effect of reducing fat and weight in obese rats is significantly higher than that of intervention by aerobic exercise alone or probiotics alone.Aerobic exercise and probiotics may have some synergistic effect on reducing fat and weight.(4)Seventeen differentially expressed genes related to lipid metabolism were screened from the liver of obese rats in four experimental schemes.It was found that Acsl3,Acsl5 and Acat2 were directly related to fatty acid degradation,which revealed that aerobic exercise and probiotics enhanced lipid metabolism system in rats.The mechanism may be that aerobic exercise and probiotics promote the enhancement of the lipolysis system by synergistically regulating the diversity and abundance of the intestinal flora. |
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