| Objective: By observing the effects of exercise and restricted energy intake in nutritionally obese rats on blood lipids,epididymis,inguinal and interscapular fat,gastrocnemius muscle and serum lipoprotein lipase（LPL）activity and blood vessels in serum,interscapular fat and gastrocnemius muscle in nutritionally obese rats To investigate the changes of ANGPTL-like proteins（ANGPTLs）3,4,and 8,and to explore whether exercise and energy intake restriction intervention in low temperature environment affect ANGPTL3,4,and 8 to regulate LPL activity and thus regulate lipid metabolism,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for exercise to reduce fat.Methods: By establishing an obese rat model,after successful modeling,48 obese rats were randomly divided into normal temperature quiet group（NC）,normal temperature exercise group（NE）,low temperature quiet group（FC）,low temperature exercise group（FE）,and hypothermia group.The 5wk intervention was performed in the energy intake restricted group（FCR）and the cold exercise restricted energy intake group（FER）.The room temperature in the normal temperature group was 25 °C,and the room temperature in the low temperature group was 4 °C;the rats in the exercise group underwent endurance training every other day,in which the running speed was25m/min,30min/group,and the interval between groups was 10 min,2 groups/d;energy intake was restricted.The calorie control was performed according to the caloric intake of the NC and NE groups.During the intervention,the body weight and food intake of the rats were recorded.After the intervention,the Lee’s index was calculated.After anesthesia,blood was collected from the abdominal aorta.Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the four items of blood lipids and FFA.Western blot was used to detect the expression of ANGPTL3,4,and 8 proteins in interscapular fat and gastrocnemius muscle.Elisa method was used to detect serum ANGPTL3,4,and 8 levels.Inguinal and interscapular)fat,serum and gastrocnemius LPL activity.SPSS 26.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data,Graph Pad Prism was used for graph drawing and graph analysis,three-factor analysis of variance was used to analyze the differences and interactions between groups.P < 0.05 indicates a significant difference,and P < 0.01 indicates a very significant difference.Result:（1）Compared with the NC group,the body weight,visceral fat rate and Lee’s index of other groups（NE,FC,FE,FCR,FER）were significantly reduced;the visceral fat rate of FC,FE,FCR,FER was significantly lower than that of the NE group Compared with the FC and FE groups,the body weight and Lee’s index of the FCR and FER groups were significantly decreased,and the visceral fat rate was significantly decreased in the FE,FCR and FER groups compared with the FC groups.Fat percentage and Lee’s index had significant effects,but no interaction.（2）Compared with NC group,serum TG in FC,FE,FCR and FER groups decreased significantly,while HDL-C and FFA increased significantly.Compared with NE group and FCR group,LDL-C in FER group decreased significantly.Threeway ANOVA showed that exercise had a significant effect on TG,LDL-C,temperature had a significant effect on TG,HDL-C and FFA,and diet had a significant effect on TG,LDL-C,HDL-C and FFA.Exercise at low temperature had a significant interaction effect on FFA,and exercise combined with food restriction had a significant interaction effect on TG and LDL-C.（3）Compared with the NC group,the LPL activity of the other epididymal fat groups,the inguinal fat FC and the FCR group was significantly decreased,and the LPL activity of the interscapular fat FE,FCR group and the gastrocnemius muscle FE,FCR,FER group was significantly increased;compared with the NE group,LPL activity in epididymal fat FER group,interscapular fat FCR group,gastrocnemius muscle FE,FCR,and FER group was significantly increased,while serum FE and FCR group LPL activity was significantly decreased;compared with FC group,epididymal fat FER group,interscapular fat FE group,FCR group and gastrocnemius muscle FE,FCR,FER group LPL activity significantly increased;compared with FE group,epididymal fat and gastrocnemius muscle FER group LPL activity significantly increased,interscapular fat FER group significantly decreased;compared with FER group,Epididymal fat and gastrocnemius muscle were significantly elevated in the FER group.Three-way ANOVA showed that exercise had a significant effect on epididymal fat and gastrocnemius LPL activity;temperature had a significant effect on epididymal,inguinal,interscapular fat and gastrocnemius LPL activity;diet had a significant effect on epididymal fat and gastrocnemius LPL activity;in terms of interaction,Exercise in a low temperature environment had a significant effect on LPL activity in epididymal fat,and exercise combined with restricted energy intake had a significant effect on LPL activity in interscapular fat and gastrocnemius muscle.（4）Compared with the NC group,the serum ANGPTL3 of other groups was significantly decreased,and the serum ANGPTL8 of the FC,FCR and FER groups was significantly decreased;compared with the NE and FC groups,the serum ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 of the FER group were significantly decreased;The serum ANGPTL3 was significantly increased and the serum ANGPTL8 was significantly decreased in the FCR group;compared with the FCR group,the serum ANGPTL3 in the FER group was significantly decreased.Three-way ANOVA showed that exercise and low temperature had significant differences in the effects of serum ANGPTL3,diet on serum ANGPTL8,and the interaction of exercise,exercise combined with energy intake restriction in low temperature environment on serum ANGPTL3.Significant differences.（5）There was no significant difference in ANGPTL3/GAPDH and ANGPTL8/GAPDH between the interscapular fat groups;compared with the NC group,the ANGPTL4/GAPDH in the FE,FCR and FER groups were significantly decreased,and compared with the NE group,the FC,FE,FCR,FER group decreased significantly.Three-way ANOVA showed that there was no significant difference in the effect of each factor on the expression of ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 in the interscapular fat;the effect of temperature on the interscapular ANGPTL4 was significantly different,suggesting that low temperature had the greatest effect on the interscapular fat ANGPTL4.（6）There was no significant difference in ANGPTL3/GAPDH in gastrocnemius muscle;compared with NE group,ANGPTL4/GAPDH in FCR and FER groups was significantly decreased;compared with NC,ANGPTL8/GAPDH in FER group was significantly increased,and there was no statistical difference between other groups.Conclusion:（1）Low temperature exposure,exercise or energy intake restriction can reduce body weight and visceral fat in obese rats,and the improvement effect of exercise and energy intake restriction in low temperature environment is better than cold exposure,exercise or energy intake restriction intervention.（2）Low temperature exposure,exercise or energy intake restriction can reduce serum ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 levels and reduce blood lipids,and the interventions of exercise in low temperature environment,energy intake restriction in low temperature environment and exercise in low temperature environment and energy intake restriction are superimposed.It has reference significance in improving dyslipidemia.（3）Cold exposure,exercise,or energy intake restriction can inhibit the LPL activity of WAT fat,and increase the LPL activity of BAT and gastrocnemius muscle by the ANGPTL3-4-8 model,thereby improving lipid metabolism.And the intervention effects of exercise in a low temperature environment,energy intake restriction in a low temperature environment,and exercise in a low temperature environment and energy intake restriction have additive effects. |
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