Practical Research On The Cultivation Of Computational Thinking In Scratch Teaching In Elementary Schools

With the rapid development of information technology,computational thinking has become an essential ability of everyone.Conputational thinking was focused in higher education initially,but now it is also widely spread in K12.In order to face the various challenges brought by the future development of information technology in the future,primary school students,as the pillars of their country,need to have the ability of computational thinking.In order to cultivate students' computational thinkings the training of it has been included in the information technology curriculum reform plaa China has also incorporated computational thinking into the core literacy of information technology curriculum standards for primaiy and secondaiy schools.In recent years,interesting programming softvare Scratch is gradually coming into the vision of primary and secondary school teachershIt is visual programming software designed and developed for childrea The simple irterfece of this software is easy for learning,the effect of program can view instaittly,the integrated video,music,animation,algorithm,game and other elements can inspire the learning interests of students and improve students'conputational thinking ability effectively.Through teaching practice,we found that students also Hked this visual progranming software Scratch.This research attempts to cultivate the students' computational thinking ability through Scratch teaching.This paper mainly includes the following six parts:the first part introduces the research background of this paper,summarizes the current situation of students'conputational thinking training in China and other country,as well as the currect lack and demand of primary school students' computational thinking training.The research objectives,contents,ideas,methods and significance of this paper are determined.In the second part relevant literatires of computational thinking all over the world are sorted out to determine the connotation of conputational thinkings methods of cultivating computational thinking and evaluation methods of computational thinking are analyzed,and characteristics of Scratch visual programming software,teaching mode and theoretical basis of this research are explored.The third part determines the teaching principles,research objects,teaching objectives and teaching contents of instructional design.Three-dimensional framework of taking coirputational thinking,computational practice and computational concept worked as the cultivating objectives of computational thinking,and the instructional design model,teaching strategy and teaching evaluation are determined.The fourth part mainly carries out the three-stage teaching implementation according to the selected content:designs thete aching process,carries out the teaching implementation and refluection,The fifth part USES the computational thinking test to evaluate students' compitational thinking before and after the implementation of teaching,and analyzes the practical effect SPSS statistical data.The teaching practice participants of this study are the students of two classes of grade four in a primary school in Nanjing.Before the mplemestation of Scratch teaching,the computational thinking test was used to test the conputatiooal thinking ability of students in this class.The whole teaching practice is divided into three stages.The teaching tasks,teaching objectives and teaching contents of each stage are different After completing the teaching stages,students' computational thinking will be tested tteough the post-test of computatioml thinking test After the whole Scratch teaching practice,the two classes of students' computational thinking were evaluated with the computational thinking test again SPSS22.0 software was used for analyzing the scores of the computational thinking test.Based on the analysis,we concluded that Scratch teaching can cultivate the students'computational thinking ability.