"Big/Small X's" Construction And Research On Related Issues

�da/xiao X de�is a common construction in Chinese oral expression which has special and various feature in syntactic,semantic and pragmatics aspects.It's a construction of great necessity to study.This paper regard �da/xiao X de� as research object,try to use theory of structural linguistics,construction grammar and cognitive linguistics to analyze this construction.Main research conclusions are included as following:Variable part �X� including word and phrase.As word,�X� can be noun or adjective while as phrase �X� should be nominals or predicative phrase.Nouns can be divided as normal noun,holiday and season,addressing,position,timing,location and place.Adjective only includes qualitative adjective.When �X� is a phrase,it can be attribute-center phrase,adverbial-center phrase,combined phrase,predicate-object phrase and subject-predicate phrase.Construction �da/xiao X de� is tended to be a minor sentence or serve as syntactic component in a sentence,seldom appears as an independent sentence.It can serve as subject,predicate,object,adverbial and complement in a sentence.Usually,�da/xiao X de � present as a short and brief form with 4 syllables and it mainly appears at beginning or middle of a sentence,seldom end.The semantic type of construction �da/xiao X de� is �emphasis�,which refers to conventionality between �X� and performance or statement in the subsequent sentence.Under circumstance of co-anticipate,semantic type can divided as affirm,sympathy and envy.In side way,semantic type includes oppose,blame,shock,complain,ironic,despise and helpless.�X� which are allowed to get into construction should be indefiniteness,abstractive,general reference and generality in semantic.Construction �da/xiao X de� has a special permitive rule,which can be explained by theory of cognitive grammar,�center----margin� schematism can be applied.Construction �da/xiao X de � has varies kinds of pragmatic function as expression of condition,expression of order,diction skill and discourse skill.Expression of condition includes describe,explain,enumerate and compare.Expression of order includes request,advice and forbidden.Diction skill can be divided as pedagogue,nickname and ridicule.Discourse skill includes background,negotiate,attract attention,begin a topic and emphasis.Presuppose theory of pragmatic grammar can used to explain active period of�X� and human's brain,which shows intensive emotion of speaker.Two construction �da X de �and �xiao X de� has asymmetry performance in syntactic,semantic and pragmatic aspects.�X� in �da X de � are tend to be holidays and season,time and location,while in �xiao X de � it often use as addressing,position and adjective.In semantic type,�da X de � includes oppose,blame and shock,while �xiao X de� appears as complain,ironic and despite.The pragmatic function of �da X de� is expression of condition and expression of order,while �xiao X de� tends to be diction skill.Construction �X jia jia de� has similar characteristic with �da/xiao X de�,meanwhile differences are also obvious in three aspects.In syntactic constitute,�X� in �X jia jia de �can only be addressing noun and it can only serve as subject,predicate in a sentence or be an independent sentence.In semantic type,�X jia jia de � uaually emphasis the inconformity of �X� and performance or statement in the subsequent sentence,which shows oppose,blame or complain attitude of speaker.Comparatively,pragmatic function of �X jia jia de � is single,including expression of condition and discourse skill,which aroused from restriction of �X�.