Research On The Immigration Of Shanxi Military Guards In The Ming Dynasty

Immigration is a dynamic change process.It is the migration of a certain size of population within a certain space distance and time length.It is affected by many factors.As the most basic military system in Ming Dynasty,Weisuo system occupies an important position in Chinese military history,The Ming Dynasty build Weisuo all over the country.Because of the need of defending foreign captives and managing local areas,the population of Weisuo had a certain mobility.It can be said that the establishment and reform of the health centers produced a large number of military immigrants.Shanxi,as an important defense base in the north,has been attached great importance by the central and local governments.Nearly fifty health centers have been established here,which makes the military immigrants in Shanxi have particularity and importance.Based on the collation and analysis of the officers and soldiers in Military Document,this paper explores the multi-directional move and influence of the Weisuo immigrantion,which can not only clearly understand the objective historical facts of Weisuo immigrantion in Shanxi,but also help to study Weisuo system and Shanxi immigrantion.Therefore,this paper is written by The Study on Shanxi Military Migration in Ming Dynasty Based on The Inspection of Military Document,hopes to make a basic arrangement and analysis of the multidirectional population movement from the perspective of time distribution and space distribution by making use of various historical materials,such as Military Document,records,local records and family tree,to understand and grasp the basic situation of Shanxi military migration in Ming dynasty and to explore the impact of large-scale military migration.The immigration of Weisuo personnel is an important manifc station of population migration.Shanxi Dusi and Xingdusi in Ming Dynasty were the frontier positions to resist the old Yuan Dynasty.It had heaven task of guarding and practicing so,the Ming Dynasty set up a large number of Weisuo here.The officers and soldiers in Weisuo,in addition to the extensive recruitment of aborigines,a large number of officers and troops from other places moved in.From the source way,there are Congzheng,Guifu,Zhefa,Duoji,Chouchong and voluntary recruitment,etc.From the point of view of the immigration areas,the sources are very wide,almost extend all over two capitals and thirteen chief secretaries.By contrast,the number of immigrants in two capitals is larger than that in other areas.As another important form of population migration,emigration of Weisuo personnel and immigration of Weisuo personnel compose the two-way migration together.While Shanxi'Weisuo extensively absorbs foreign officers and soldiers,it also carries out the activities of Shanxi officers and soldiers'emigration.The migration time mainly distributed in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty,Jianwen period and later Yongle,with the most concentrated in Hongwu and Yongle.The area of emigration involves many states and counties in Shanxi's five fu and three states.Among them,Taiyuan fu has the largest emigration population,followed by Datong fu and Pingyang fu.Capitals'Weisuo are the main destinations of the emigrants,and they are also distributed in other parts of the country,showing the characteristics of unbalanced quantity distribution.The migration of Shanxi officers and soldiers between provinces is an important supplement to the migration of Shanxi' Weisuo personnel in Ming Dynasty.In the early Ming Dynasty,for the purpose of eliminating frontier dangers and preventing the rebellion of the people on the frontier,the people of northern Shanxi were moved to the neutral fu and Henan fu several times,which made the original city more empty and the population more scarce.However,the arduous task of defense and garrison required a large number of military and guard population,which made the military and guard immigration imperative.Zhu Yuanzhang ordered in Hongwu 25 years that people should be recruited widely in Taiyuan,Pingyang and other places to establish "Datong Sixteen Wei".This time,the population from central and southern weisuo was more than 80,000.In addition to training and garrisoning,the officers and soldiers in weisuo also participated in social and economic construction,such as setting up fields,building school,building academies,entering school,building city pools,dredging rivers,paving roads,opening markets and so on.Shanxi's weisuo immigrant ion,rooted in the special political and military environment of the Ming Dynasty,is the products of the specific environment whether the population moved in or out,or the regional migration.It is related to the political situation of Shanxi at that time and eventually formed the significance with the characteristics of the times.