History·Technique·Memory

The Jew's harp is a popular instrument that among many nationalities in the world.Jew's harp of Liangshan Yi people are generally made of bamboo and bronze,and the shape is similar to a short sword.When you play it you should knock its tongue to make it shake,along with the changes in mouth shape and oral airflow,you will hear high and low sounds,a clear overtone can be heard above the fundamental sound.The object of this article is Jew's harp of Liangshan Yi people,I use anthropological research methods,taking both diachronic and synchronic perspectives into account to explore th,e cultural connotation from history,skills and memory these three aspects to produce its production,development,performance and inheritance,reveal the reasons why it have prospered in the history and gradually declined.First of all,I sorted out the Chinese and Yi literature and put Jew's harp of Liangshan Yi in the broad research background on the culture and art of China,then discussed its historical origin and development process.This is he diachronic research.Secondly,I used the field survey method of anthropology,went to many plcace of the Liangshan Yi area.That is synchronic study.I tried best to put myself into the local artists' daily life,experience and observe the playing and producing skills,explored the changes and invariability of it.I walked closely to the Yi people,listened to their stories and observe their relationship with the instrument during interviews;construct collective cultural memory through oral data from insiders.Finally,interpret the cultural connotation of the patterns and shapes,then consider the inheritance and development.This article also try to study it on both subject and guest prospectiveOn the one hand,I entered the field as an outsider from the perspective of guest and bystander to observe its history,development and current situation of the Jew's harp of Liangshan Yi;on the other hand,as an insider I stood from the perspective of the theme and participant,considered and felt the insider's thinking and emotional attitude towards Jew's harp of Liangshan Yi.The overall research idea is to refine the significance of Jew's harp of Liangshan Yi people,through an investigation of its history and culture to call on local people to remember its history,inherit the technique and culture.Becoming its writers of history and inheritors of culture.The full text is divided into four chapters.The first chapter uses longitudinal research methods to explore the history and development of Jew's harp of Liangshan Yi from the aspects of chinese literature,Yi language and writing.The second chapter uses observation and experience method in the field investigation.Recording the producing and palying techniques of Jew's harp following with an interpretation of musical scores and meanings.The third chapter uses the interview method using the reporter's dictation as the main source of data,the collective memory about Jew's harp of Liangshan Yi people as the main line to explore local people's emotion,body,and collective memory about Jew's harp.The fourth chapter interprets the cultural connotation,aesthetics,folklore and ideology contained in the patterns and shapes of the Jew's harp of Liangshan Yi.Finally,base on the investigation of the present situation,correspond suggestions and countermeasures.The concluding part summarizes the significance and value of the Jew's harp to local Yi people.It is not only a musical instrument,but also an emotional sustenance,a spiritual partner like family members and friends;it is not only a skill,but also an important participant in the history and culture of Liangshan Yi people.Its thickness of history,height of skill,width of memory and emotional temperature are very worthy of further exploration and research.It is hoped that this article can provide some help for the research on the history,skills and culture of the Jew's harp of Liangshan Yi.To pick up the 'golden leaves',we should explore and reach the deep inner world of art and culture,then we can show their rich cultural contonation and beauty to the whole world.