The Influence Of Face Second-order Information On The Alien Effect In Face Recognition: ERP Evidence

Face recognition is the most common and important life skill in daily life.Most adults recognize faces as a very fast and accurate process.They can find people who they know or are familiar with in thousands of people,but with the development of "globalization",they has more and more opportunities to contact other ethnic groups.Can the face of different ethnicities still be quickly and accurately identified?Previous studies have found that individuals have different recognition abilities on own-race faces and other-race faces.That is,individuals have higher correct rates for own-race face recognition than other-race faces,and the response is faster than other races.Named as an other-race effect.Many of the literatures that combine the existing heterogeneous effects still have no consistent answer to the causes of the heterogeneous effects and the corresponding brain components.Therefore,this study refers to the existing literature,through two studies to explore the contact experience with other race groups and the impact of face information on the other-race effect.Study 1 included Experiment 1 and Experiment 2.The purpose of the study was to investigate whether the other-race effects were related to the contact experience of individuals and other races and the configuration information of faces.In Experiments 1 and 2,questionnaires and self-reports were used to select two groups of participants who had more or less experience with other race groups(Groups A and B),by presenting upright face images(ZL)and destroying face constructs.Face image of type information(including inverted face picture and feature face picture: inverted face picture is obtained by rotating face picture by 180 degrees,DL;feature face picture is extracted by Photoshop CC to extract various feature information of face,rearrange and combine.Compared with the inverted face,it destroys the configuration information of the face to a greater extent,TZ),records the key reaction and the corresponding electrophysiological data when the subject recognizes the face,and expects to be in terms of behavior and electrophysiology.The generation of other-race effects is reasonably explained(ie,whether the other-race effect is influenced by the experience of the individual and other race contacts and the configuration of the face).Study 1 analyzed the behavioral data and electrophysiological data of Experiments 1 and 2 and found that only when the subjects had less experience in contact with other races,the other-race effect appeared when the other-race faces were judged again,indicating the generation of other-race effects.It is greatly influenced by the contact experience.Secondly,when individuals with less experience in contact with other races faces lacking configuration information(DL,TZ),the individual does not have an other-race effect on the recognition of images of different race faces,and the configuration.The more thoroughly the configuration information is destroyed,the smaller the difference between the recognition performance of different races and the correlation brain component amplitude,which proves that the generation of other-race effects is affected by the face configuration information.The purpose of Experiment 3 in Study 2 was to investigate whether the other-race effect is related to the second-order information of the face in the face configuration information.Using the same experimental paradigms and techniques as Experiments 1 and 2,subjects with less experience in contact with other races were selected through questionnaires and self-reports,using upright face images(face images with constant face feature spacing,ZL)and Face image with changes in the second-order information of the face(including two cases: the first is an enlarged face picture obtained by enlarging the distance between each feature in the upright face image by 5 pixels,KD;the second is to be positive,the compressed face image obtained by reducing the distance between each feature in the face image by 5 pixels,YS),records the correct rate and reaction time of the face of the different race faces,and the brain component induced when the face is recognized,expecting to be from behavioral and Electrophysiology makes a reasonable explanation for the generation of other-race effects(ie,whether the other-race effect will be affected by the second-order information of the face).Study 2 analyzes the behavioral data and electrophysiological data of Experiment 3 and finds that the change of the second-order information in the face configuration information will affect the level of face recognition ability,thus affecting the other-race effect,that is,when the face feature spacing of other race face pictures is enlarged.When the face feature spacing of the own-race face image is reduced,the other-race effect is more significant.Therefore,it is proved that the influence of the other-race effect in the face structure information is the second-order information of the face.In this study,through the combination of behavioral and event-related potential techniques,the causes of the other-race effects and related brain components were demonstrated in detail.The results showed that: ? The contact experience of other races and the second-order information of faces affect the other-race effect and these two factors are indispensable.Only when the individual has less experience with other races,the second-order information of the face will affect the other-race effect;? The difference between the N170 induced by the individual to identify faces of different races and the behavioral.Individuals have consistent performance differences for different race face recognition,indicating that there is a correlation between N170 and other-race effects,that is,the other-race effect can be expressed in electrophysiological data as a significant difference between N170 brain components induced by other-race faces.N170 can be considered as a related brain component of the other-race effect.