Modern Chinese Contains The Enumeration Study Of "you"

This paper focuses on the “y?u(have)”-contributed enumeration including the single-“y?u”enumeration type and the multi-“y?u”enumeration type with little attention received from the field of Chinese language so far,and compares the two types.The main body of the paper was divided into three parts: component analysis of the single-“y?u” enumeration type in modern Chinese,component analysis of the multi-“y?u”enumeration type in modern Chinese and comparison of the use of the two types of enumeration.Part 1 is the component analysis of the single-“y?u” enumeration type in modern Chinese,in which the first subsection describes the general situation of the single-“y?u” enumeration type including: definition,components and the overall structural model.The second subsection analyzes its components including: 1.Parent items;2.Sub-items;3.Conjunctions;4.Ending copulas;5.Quantifiers;6.Summarizing items.The third subsection presents 26 specific situations of components' co-occurrence and analyzes typical combinations with examples.In part 2,the author analyzed the composition of the multi-“y?u” enumeration type in modern Chinese,in which the first subsection explains the overall situation of the multi-“y?u”enumeration type including: definition,components and the general structural model.The second subsection is the analysis of the components,including: 1.Parent items;2.Sub-items;3.Associated components before the last item;4.Ending copulas;5.Quantifiers;6.Summarizing items.The third subsection presents 24 specific situations of components' co-occurrenceand analyzes typical combinations with examples.In the fourth subsection,the author looked into two special situations,namely: 1.When “y? jí(as well as)” appeared before the last item;2.Nesting(in some examples of the multi-“y?u” enumeration type,the minor subject nested in the major subject;the single-“y?u” enumeration type sometimes nested in the multi-“y?u” enumeration type).In the fifth subsection is“some…others…”.In part 3,the author compared the use of the single-“y?u” enumeration type with that of the multi-“y?u” enumeration type.1.With respect to the length of sub-items: the absolute length of sub-items of the single-“y?u” enumeration type was relatively shorter compared with the multi-“y?u” enumeration type;yet the single-“y?u” enumeration type presented a higher structural similarity in sub-items compared with the multi-“y?u” enumeration type.2.With respect to expression of subjective quantity: the single-“y?u” enumeration type's expression was of unapparent tendency towards large subjective quantity while the multi-“y?u”enumeration type expressed more prominent tendency towards large subjective quantity.3.With respect to stress on the sub-items: the single-“y?u” enumeration type was not able to emphasize each sub-item while the multi-“y?u” enumeration type was capable of the same.4.With respect to associated components used between sub-items: both types were inclined to the use of conjunctions;in particular,the use of conjunctions was oftentimes necessary to the last two items in the multi-“y?u” enumeration type.The single-“y?u” enumeration type employed “hé(and)”,“jí(and)”,“y? jí(as well as)”,“huò(or)”,“y?(together with)”,“n?i zhì(and even)”,etc.between other sub-items.The multi-“y?u” enumeration type employed “hái(also)”,“yòu(again)”,“y?(as well)”,“gèng(still more)”,“y? jí(as well as)”,“shèn zhì(even)”,etc.between other sub-items.5.With respect to unfinished listing: more examples were found with the single-“y?u” enumeration type than the multi-“y?u” enumeration type.6.With respect to quantifiers and summarizing items: the single-“y?u” enumeration type listed more quantifiers than the multi-“y?u” enumeration type;the single-“y?u” enumeration type listed more summarizing items than the multi-“y?u” enumeration type.The research subject herein has received little attention from the academic circle so far.The research results of this paper not only served as a reference to the research of the category of enumeration in Chinese,the research of Chinese grammatical construction and theoretical discussions of other aspects,but also provided clear effect to the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language as well as other practical fields.