Research On The Ghentmur Incident

Since the 1640s,the eastward expansion of the Tsar Russia has begun to approach the northeast frontier of the Qing Dynasty.Before that,the ethnic minorities living in the region from the east of Baikal Lake to the Erguna River had been attached to the Qing Dynasty.Some were forced to submit to the tsarist government because of the Russian invasion,and others moved internally to the concentration of the Qing army.China and Russia are beginning to cross their spheres of influence.Because the Qing government did not have the modern concept of the state boundary,the tributaries naturally became the important evidence of the state's control of land.Therefore,in the early Qing Dynasty,all nationalities in the northeast frontier area The flow of money has attracted the attention of the government.At the same time,there has been a sensitive problem of escape.Gentemur,according to its pronunciation,has many different translation methods,in a large number of books,the article has been written in the roots of Timur,root,root fungus,etc.He was recognized as the chief of the Daur nationality in the academic circles of our country.Because he could not bear the invasion of Russia Cossacks,he moved southeast from the Nebuchu River to the Nenjiang River Basin in 1653.He accepted the Qing Dynasty's seal,and not only accepted the jurisdiction of the Qing government,15 years later,as a result of Qing dynasty,czarist Russia,Ghent mur himself and his tribe and many other reasons,Gentemur led his people in 1667,about 500 people defected to Russia,and finally returned to Russia To their birthplace-Nercinsk.His defection put the Qing government at a disadvantage in negotiating demarcation with the tsarist Russia,resulting in the loss of a large part of China's territory.During his stay in Russia,the Gentamur family was canonized by the Tsar and received a hereditary title.He himself joined the Orthodox Church and was named Peter at the time of baptism.Since the defection of Ghent Mur,China and Russia have been negotiating for more than 20 years.It was not until 1685,when Gentamur died in Russia,and in 1689,with the signing of the Sino-Russian Treaty of Nibuchu,that the storm completely subsided.Gentamur became a key figure in the early Sino-Russian relations,with the longest negotiation time,the most extensive influence on the two countries and the most frequent negotiations.The descendants of Gentamur inherited his title,and in all the Russian periods They play an important role in many fields.They designed the Duke of Tumur's badge,the most prominent of which was the four Chinese characters,"Chong du(or'Pu')Mullah," This important Chinese element reflects the fact that the Genthmur family has always acknowledged that their ancestors came from China.It has been 350 years since now,but it is still of great reference and significance for us to deal with the Sino-foreign relations,the management of the frontier ethnic minorities and the security of the national frontier.Through the analysis of the beginning and the end of the defection of Ghent Mur,we can not only understand the general rules and methods of the Czarist government's expansionist aggression,but also the local minority.The measures of national suppression,threat,inducement and domestication are also of great significance for us to safeguard the security of the national frontier and to ensure the stability and prosperity of the ethnic minority areas in the frontier areas.Although the Genthmur family has been fully integrated into the Russian national culture,it is still closely related to Chinese culture.We believe that in the early history of Sino-Russian relations,Gentemur and his family were the first officially documented examples of the transformation of Chinese subjects into Russian subjects,as well as the earliest batch of overseas Chinese in the history of Sino-Russian relations.For this historical reason,we should continue to strengthen the research on the family history of Genthmur,so as to make it correct.The historical,ethnic and cultural issues in Sino-Russian relations provide theoretical support.