Study Of American Factors In Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship After The Cold War

Since the 1990s, big powers have begun to adjust their relations profoundly. With the ending of the Cold War, the triangle relationship among China, America and the Soviet Union formed at the beginning of the 1970s no longer exists, and is replaced by a new one among China, Russia and America. During the process of developing the relations with Russia and America, the Chinese government tries every effort to build the framework of the "Partner Relationship" to form the strategic cooperative partner relationship with Russia and to form the constructive partner relationship with America. The development of relations between China and Russia shows that it is promoted or restrained by American factors, whatever the relations are positive-directed or negative-directed.Chapter 1 is introduction, which mainly introduces the origin, the significance and the research methods of the thesis. It also makes a general survey of the present situation of the Sino-Russian strategic cooperative partner relationship and the American factors given by the scholars at home and abroad as well as some related concepts about this thesis, including partner relations, Sino-Russian strategic cooperative partner relationship etc. Finally, it makes a short conclusion of the innovation of the thesis and points out the research field which needs to be further explored in the future.Chapter 2 mainly demonstrates the development of the Sino-Russian Relations in history, which includes the normalization of the Sino-Soviet Union Relations and the transition towards the Sino-Russian Relations. It ranges from the "honeymoon period", "Cold War period" to "indifferent period". China and Russia keep pace with the times, establishing the "good-neighbored, friendly and mutual-beneficial cooperative relationship", building and developing the "constructive partner relationship" as well as the "strategic cooperative partner relationship. It is suggested that the Sino-Russian strategic cooperative partner relationship should have the characteristics, such as nonalignment, non-confrontation, and not countering the third country; the complete equality of both countries, mutual-trust, mutual-beneficial cooperation, and developing altogether; strengthening consultation and coordination, and promoting world peace. Both countries have the same strategic target and many common interests and they hold unanimous or similar viewpoints on important issues without radical conflicts of interests. They have started good cooperation in many fields, especially in the sensitive military area. They could consult and cooperate with each other while dealing with some international, regional or bilateral issues. This partner relationship is not an expedient measure and will neither be disturbed by anything at any time nor influenced by the ideology or values, which is truly an all-round coordinative partner relationship.Chapter 3 illustrates the formation and the evolution of the triangle relations among China, Russia and America, including the ending of the triangle relations among China, the Soviet Union and America, the formation of the "One superpower against several big powers" after the Cold War, and the formation and evolution of the triangle relations among China, Russia and America. It points out that after the Cold War, the traditional triangle relations among China, Russia and America no longer existed. Since the 1990s, with the development of the multi-polarization, the relations among these three countries have experienced the evolution, from the old big triangle relations among China, USSR and USA to the triangle relations among China, Russia and America. That is what we call the three pillars pattern of China, Russia and America. In this "triangle relations", China, Russia and America have their own strategic targets. China aims firstly at the advantageous international environment in service of its modernization; what is urgent for Russia is to revitalize its power in the past; As for America, its strategic target is to firmly control the leadership of the global affairs. Thus, different national interests determine their diverse positions and functions in the triangle relations as well as the mechanism to deal with the mutual relations. Due to the development of the international situation, these three countries realize the mutual promotion and greatly improve the development of the interrelations and the balance of the international political situations.Chapter 4 illustrates how the American factors influence the Sino-Russian strategic cooperative partner relationship, including American Strategic Adjustment of the Policy of the China and Russia after the Cold War. The Sino-USA relations experienced complicated developing process of "Containment", "Touch", and "Containment and Touch", which was formed into a paradox curve. On its relationship with China, America takes strict precautions against China's rising and considers it as the focus in dealing with China, believing that China is most likely to challenge America in the 21st century. When the Soviet Union was disintegrated, the Russian-US relations have experienced a cycling process of "cloudy to sunny", and "overcast to cloudy". However, as the two big influential powers, Russia and USA have the common interests on many important international issues. But the divergence still exists on the position of Kosovo, the Iran nuclear problem and some other important international issues. So in this sense, it's still too early to judge the Russo-American relations full of "warmness". After the Cold War, the relations among China, Russia and America beneficially promoted, that is, the Sino-Russian relations develop in all: mutual trust in politics, the all-day partner relations in strategy, which was the closest and most stable bilateral relations between big powers; the Russian-US relations entered a new stage; the Sino-USA relations came to ease; the trilateral perspective no longer was triangle power: the Russo-USA new strategic partner relationship became salient, the Sino-USA relations went up and down; any improvement of the bilateral relations in the trilateral relations would directly affect the third country, that is what is called "Domino effect"; After the Cold War, the triangle relations among China, Russia and USA re-interacted under the new framework and this re-interaction is, on the triangle relations, due to the remarkable differences in power, the different positions in the triangle relations which are different from those during the Cold War in addition to the visible and invisible pressures China and Russia confronted with at the same time from the US, especially American foreign policies' "weather vanes" function in the triangle relations. Therefore, if the trilateral relations are to be handled well, the three countries will win altogether. The effect of the American factors on the Sino-Russian relations includes several aspects, i.e. the American factors promoting the formation of the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship; China and Russia taking the superior consideration of the America; American factors affect the Sino-Russian relations because of the Cold War mind, America discording and differentiating the Sino-Russian relations; substantial adjustment of Russo-USA relations causes the negative effects to China, which needs dialectical assessing; the USA in the triangle relations among China, Russia and the USA, owing to its strategic advantage, the unilateralism influencing the development of the Sino-Russian relations; the trend of US with the future Sino-Russian relations. It is believed that the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship can't be restrained by the USA. This influence finds expressions in the triangle relations, if America takes the suppressing policy towards China and Russia, the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship will be closer and closer. Therefore, American factors, in the triangle relations among China, Russia and the USA, play both a positive and a negative role in the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship.Based on these facts, in the analysis and research of the American factors in the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship after the Cold War, on the one hand, the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship is required by both national interests. At the present time, China is committed to grandeur targets of the construction of the comprehensive well-off society and the realization of the national modernization, so it longs for a long-term, stable and peaceful international environment, when dealing with the foreign relations. What is most urgent is to get along well with the main powers especially Russia and America. However, due to China's practical strength and the consideration of the interests, it is certain for China to take the top priority over the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship and peaceful surroundings. While Putin started his presidencies of Russia, he treated the revitalization as the predominant task. In this sense, China and Russia have the common interests. But on the other hand, we have to take cautions that, America is the sole superpower in the world nowadays and has the great influence on the world, thus seriously constraining and affecting the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship, which could be found in the following parts: 1. the pulling force of the American factors, which manifests that the more heavily Americans strike China and Russia, the more stable the relationship between the two countries is. Without any exaggeration, this pulling force is the most critical element to affect the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship and directly determine the trend and the fate of the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship. 2. The balance of the American factors, which displays that when the two countries develop their strategic cooperative partner relationship, they give priority to the relations with America. Meanwhile, this balance relies on the development of the international situation to a large degree, that is, the main contradictions affecting the international situations, and determines the function played by American function of balance. 3. At the same time, it is thought that American factors are a variable, that is, they cannot definitely determine the development of the Sino-Russian relationship. The uncertainty depends on the development of the international situations. When the international situations turn to ease, American factors, the variable, will affect the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship positively. Once the international situation becomes disadvantageous to America and harmful to the American national interests, the variable will work negatively. As the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship, to the USA, gets too close, America will discord any one of them and make the Sino- Russian relations meet the needs of the American strategic interests. In this way, in the development of the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship, the American factors always accompany it and is an invisible strength, instantly influencing the development of the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship. It is suggested that facing up to the American factors doesn't mean the Sino-Russian Strategic Cooperative Partner Relationship will be led by the nose by the USA, but this relations should go along smoothly towards the right direction in service of the world peace and development and benefit all the people around the world.