Research On Herbert Spencer's Ethical Thoughts

Spencer' s thinking on ethical issues embodies the basic standpoints and ideas of evolution.For example,his understanding of moral formation,bitterness and happiness has traces of evolution.Because of this,he is regarded as An important representative of the western evolutionary ethics school.In addition,the utilitarian ethics pioneered by Bentham and carried forward by Mill was greatly influenced by the British at that time.Spencer also made independent thinking and elaboration on the core issue of utilitarianism,the relationship between self-interest and altruism.It makes up for the theoretical defects of utilitarianism and exerts utilitarianism to a certain extent.It can be seen that this paper has certain theoretical significance for revealing the role of Spencer' s ethical thoughts in the evolutionary ethics school,and it also has positive significance for the development of utilitarianism.In addition,although Spencer lived in British society 200 years ago,his ethical categories such as morality,pain and happiness,justice,self-interest and altruism are also the hot topics of today' s society.Although he is different from the country in which we live,there are huge differences in the times.However,given the universality and commonality of human nature,given the similarities between human social practice activities and the superstructures associated with them.And the convergence,therefore,the thinking and discussion of the morality,optimism,justice and utilitarian views in Spencer' s ethical thoughts still have certain practical significance for us to reflect and further deepen our understanding of these ethical categories.The first chapter briefly introduces the purpose and significance of the research,the research status and research methods.The second chapter discusses Spencer s morality,mainly expounding the meaning of morality,moral consciousness and life determinism in morality.The third chapter reveals Spencer' s view of happiness.It mainly discusses the development of happiness,the meaning of happiness and the fuzzy measurement standards,and the conditions for achieving maximum happiness.The fourth chapter analyzes Spencer s view of justice,mainly discussing the connotation of justice,the sense of justice and the norms of justice.The fifth chapter analyzes Spencer' s utilitarian view,mainly focusing on self-interest and altruism in the field of evolution,unconscious altruism and conscious altruism,and rejecting pure self-interest and altruism.The sixth chapter analyzes the limitations and positive significance of Spencer' s ethical thoughts.Chapter Seventh is the summary.