Research On The Verbs With The Meaning Of "to Take" And "to Give" In "Guoyu"

Saussure,father of modern linguistics,proposed in his book General Linguistics Course that there are synchronic and diachronic differences between languages.From a diachronic perspective,Chinese is generally divided into four stages: Ancient Chinese,middle ancient Chinese,modern Chinese and modern Chinese.The use of ancient Chinese was mainly in the pre Qin period of our country,which is far away from us in time.Our study of ancient Chinese language is inseparable from the study of special books in the pre Qin period.By studying the language of special books,it helps to summarize the synchronic rules and characteristics of Chinese at that time,thus contributing to the diachronic comparison with modern Chinese.Language is a complete system consisting of three subsystems: speech,vocabulary and grammar.Vocabulary is the building material of language and occupies a very important position in language.The study of vocabulary is also very necessary and important.The systematicness of vocabulary is expressed by different lexical categories.Verb clustering is a very important and complex part of the lexical system.It is the object of attention both in lexicology and grammar.It is an important step to deepen the study of verbs by focusing on the commonalities and characteristics of the internal members of a verb.The claim meaning verb and the give meaning verb are two special verbs in the verbs.These two types of verbs show their own characteristics in the meaning and grammar,and they have a close relationship with each other.It is worth studying.Guoyu is the first national history book of our country,taking the country as the body,taking the language as a matter,and recording the characters and deeds and historical events in the form of verbal communication.The two verbs are abundant in their verb system.This paper makes a systematic study of the claim and giving meaning verbs in Guoyu,using some related theories,such as lexical semantics,grammar and pragmatics,in order to provide materials for the study of the refinement and historicalevolution of these two types of verbs and the study of the social,historical and cultural life of the pre Qin period.This article is divided into the following parts:The introduction mainly describes the research object,research status,research methods and research significance.The first chapter is to define the meaning of "claim" and "give" from the two angles of the semantic field and the standard of the classification of words,and confirm the appearance of the "claim" and "give" meaning verbs in Guoyu.The second chapter is mainly from the angle of word meaning,syntax,semantic role and so on to make a detailed analysis of every claim verb in Guoyu.The third chapter is mainly from the angle of word meaning,syntax,semantic role and so on,and makes a detailed analysis of every given verb in Guoyu,and divides it into four types: the reward class,the Worship class,the gift class,the result class.The fourth chapter mainly studies the phenomenon of continuous application of two types of verbs in Guoyu.From the two angles of direct application and indirect application,the statistical analysis of the two kinds of verbs’ continuous use phenomenon is made,and the role of continuous use is discussed.The fifth chapter analyses the distribution of the two types of verbs in Guoyu,and then compares and analyzes the distribution of the two types of verbs.Finally,from the two angles of language and society,the reasons for the unbalanced distribution of the two types of verbs in Guoyu are discussed.The sixth chapter is the conclusion,summarizing the main views of the full text.