Research On The Construction Of The Iraqi Nation-state Under The Mandate

The modern national state is the most important political entity in the international society,it is also the best practice form for a country to integrate the people in the region and build up the political power.Modern nation-state is built on the basis of industrial economy,emphasizing unified identity,clear political boundary and people’s loyalty to the state.In today’s world,people pay much attention to the research of nation state.The construction of nation state deriving from this problem has become a hot topic.The construction of nation-state is a complex and profound proposition.It involves different construction dimensions and measurement standards.Because the internal and external environment of each country is different,this makes the nation state building dimensions and methods different.Mesopotamia has a long history and splendid culture,and has also suffered from the impact of different civilizations.It has formed a unique political environment and ethnic status.In 1534,Suleiman the Magnificent conquered Mesopotamia and began to rule over three centuries in Mesopotamia.In 1918,the Empire of Ottoman collapsed.The European powers generated a group of Middle East nation states on the ruins of the Ottoman Empire,and forced the division of the political boundaries of the nation-state.This paper focuses on the Mesopotamia under the British mandate,On the basis of previous studies,use the theory of national construction,international relations,and the latest deciphering original files.Profound analysis of the multiple effects of the mandated rule on the construction of the Iraqi national state,and striving for an objective and impartial conclusion.This article is divided into five chapters.The main contents are as follows:The first chapter discusses the social situation and power structure of Mesopotamia during the period of the Ottoman empire.This part mainly introduces the changes of the Osman Empire to Mesopotamia’s rule and the social management and control,analyzes the unique ethnicity,religion and social structure of Mesopotamia under the rule of Ottoman Empire and the profound influence of nationalism on this land.The second chapter discusses the background of the mandate and the social situation of Mesopotamia during the first World War.Since the beginning of eighteenth Century,Britain has entered Mesopotamia,and gradually developed from the initial commercial infiltration to political control.Mesopotamia has played a very important role in the British Empire’s global strategy.To this end,the British made great sacrifices to invade Mesopotamia and eventually built military rule here.The third chapter discusses the British mandate of Iraq.This includes the connotation of the mandate,the practical consideration of the British mandate rule in Iraq and the change of the policy of mandate.This part takes Iraq from 1920 to 1932 as the research object,and analyzes the implementation of the rule of appointment,policy change and the realistic interests of the British authorities.The fourth chapter discusses the special problems faced by Britain in the implementation of the mandate in Iraq.These include the boundary division and territorial integration of Iraqi National States,ethnic integration and regime building,and national security and army building in Iraq.Taking the three issues as a breakthrough,this chapter analyzes the realistic challenges and practical difficulties faced by the mandate in Iraq,as well as the various aspects of the social integration of the rule of appointment and the influence of nation building.The fifth chapter discusses the enlightenment and thinking of the construction of the Iraqi national state under the mandate.This chapter combined with the background of the mandate,a profound analysis of the particularity and contradiction of the Iraqi national construction,Focus on discuss the positive and negative effects of the British mandate on Iraq and summed up the construction of the Iraqi nation-state under the mandate.Finally,the conclusion concludes that the Mandate has had a positive impact on the nation-building of Iraq’s nation-states and has also produced a considerable negative effect.But in the long run,the construction of Iraq’s nation-state under mandate is a failure,The reason is that the internal contradictions of the mandate and national state make the social integration project of the Hachem Dynasty have great conservatism,and the British mandate has failed to establish a set of social mechanism and power structure which conforms to the actual situation of Iraq and is in line with the long-term development interests of the state.The Hashemite dynasty can only effectively maintain the operation of state power with the help of Britain.Once it is separated from this premise,it will lead to the disorder of the state power and eventually to be destroyed.