Research On The Clinical Experience Of Chinese Medicine Master Xiong Jibai In The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Lung Cancer

Objectives: 1.Based on the data mining(DM)technology,this paper aims to systematically study the prescriptions of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)master Prof.Xiong Jibo in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer,explore his dialectical thinking and medication experience,with a view to inheriting his academic ideas,further improving the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of lung cancer,and providing a clinical reference for dialectical treatment of lung cancer by traditional Chinese medicine.2.To explore the the feasibility and value of self-written data processing programs and the Apriori algorithm for the analysis of famous Chinese medical doctors ’medical records,and provide a certain reference for the development of intelligent,simple and efficient data processing,analysis programs or software for the mining and collation of big data for clinical medical records.Methods: 1.By referring to the relevant literature,the current status and development direction of the application of algorithms and the construction of the inherited platform of the distinguished veteran TCM doctors based on DM are analyzed,and the research ideas and methods are refined.2.The case data of 223 lung cancer patients treated by Prof.Xiong Jibo were collected from Yangtianhe TCM Treatment Center from January to December 2018 and the gender,age,pathological type,symptoms,syndrome and medication of the patients in the case data were compiled.After the process of sorting out,cleaning and pre-processing of the original data of diagnosis and treatment,184 cases were finally included by building the Excel data sheet for diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer,compiling computer program,using Codeblocks,combined with manual control,leak detection and filling in the vacancies.Self-written Apriori algorithm was adopted,combined with Excel,SPSS25.0,Eclipse software,using frequency analysis,association rule analysis,cluster analysis and other data mining techniques.Relevant data was extracted according to the thinking of “Syndrome differentiation-Formulae”.Prof.Xiong’s dialectical thinking of diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer is explored by comprehensive analysis of his prescriptions,combined with his clinical experience from the perspectives of four properties,five flavors and meridian tropism etc.Result 1.Among the 184 patients,there are 118 males and 66 females,with an average age of 61.47 years old.The age of onset is mainly between 45 and 77 years old.The top ten herbs used in the frequency ranking are Hedyotis diffusa,Pinellia ternata,Trichosanthes,Coptis,Mulberry,Fritillaria thunbergii,Licorice,lisianthus,bitter almonds,tangerine peel.The clinical symptoms of lung cancer patients appear more often including cough,chest pain,asthma,sputum,chest tightness,hemoptysis,abdominal distension,anorexia,back Pain,constipation,bitter mouth and shortness of breath.2.Apriori algorithm was compiled to extract association rules between commonly used herbs,and 32 pairs of herb pairs with a confidence level above 0.800 were found.Among them,10 pairs had a confidence level of 1.000: cynanchum glaucescens → radix stemonae,cynanchum glaucescens → pericarpium citri reticulatae,cynanchum glaucescens → platycodon grandiflorum,etc.There were 74 groups with a confidence level above 0.900,and 24 groups with a confidence level of 1 in the found drug group(with the rules of three ingredients).They were Hedyotis diffusa,Coptis chinensis → Coptis chinensis,Fritillaria thunbergii,Frankincense → Myrrh,Campanulaceae,Baibei → Chenpi,Baibei,Baiqian → Campanulaceae,Myrrh,Frankincense → Fritillaria,Coptis chinensis,Bitter Almond → Melon,Sangbaipi,Bellflower → Bitter Almond,Coptis chinensis,Fritillaria cirrhosa → Snake Tongue Grass,Melon,Zhejiang Fritillaria → Coptis chinensis,Licorice,Orange Peel → Campanulaceae etc.3.From the perspective of the four properties,the commonly used herbs in treating the lung cancer are mainly cold,warm,and the drug pairing is mainly cold-cold,cold-warm,cold-mild,mild-warm.From the perspective of the five flavors,the commonly used herbs are mainly bitter,sweet,and acrid.Herb pairing is mainly sweet-bitter,sweet-sweet,bitter-bitter,acrid-sweet,bitter-acrid.From the perspective of meridian analysis,the most frequent occurrence is the lung meridian,followed by the spleen meridian,heart meridian,stomach meridian,large intestine meridian and small intestine meridian etc.4.The SPSS 25.0 software was used to perform R-type system clustering analysis on 181 Chinese herbal medicines with a frequency of ≥18.Ward method was adopted as the clustering method,and the square Euclidean distance was selected as the similarity coefficient,with the distance 4,resulting in four clusters groups.5.With 88 prescriptions in the database,the most commonly used prescriptions include Sang Bei Xiao Xian Xiong decoction,Sang Bei Zhi Sou powder,Xiao Xian Xiong decoction,Xi Huang powder,Sheng Mai Powder etc.The compatibility of the prescription with higher degree of association include Xiao Xian Xiong decoction → Sang Bei Zhi Sou powder / decoction,Xi Huang powder → Sang Bei Xiao Xian Xiong decoction,Sheng Mai Powder → Sang Bei Xiao Xian Xiong decoction,etc.Conclusion 1.It is manifested by analyzing Prof.Xiong Jibo’s adoption of herbs in treating the lung cancer that the herbs are mainly cold,accompanied by mild and warm;the flavors of the herbs are mainly bitter,sweet,and acrid;the main meridian the herbs reached are the lung meridian,the spleen meridian,the heart meridian.Bitter and cold clears away the heat,while sweet and cold nourishes Yin,“Xin Kai” and “Ku Jiang”complement each other,with all the organs conditioned to treat the lung disease coordinately.The medicine is mainly used for reducing phlegm,relieving cough and asthma,and clearing heat,accompanied by supplementing deficiency,promoting blood circulation and relieving pain medicine,which is under the guidance of the treatment principle “Clearing lungs and removing phlegm,relieving cough and asthma,detoxifying and purging,benefiting qi and nourishing yin”.2.Herbs,prescription adopted frequency and correlation analysis manifested that Prof.Xiong’s core medicine for the treatment of lung cancer are Hedyotis diffusa,Pinellia,Melon,Coptis chinensis,Sangbaipi,Fritillaria,Licorice,Campanulaceae,Tangerine,Myrrh,Frankincense,Baibei,Baiqian,Aster,Jing Mustard,among which,Pinellia,Melon,Coptis,Licorice,Campanulaceae,Orange Peel,Baibei,Baiqian,Aster are the Compatible medicine of the classic prescription "Xiao Xian Xiong decoction" and "Zhi Sou powder"."Hedyotis diffusa,Morus alba,Fritillaria thunbergii,frankincense& myrrh" are customary medicine applied by Prof.Xiong with the addition and subtraction according to the symptom.To take the "Xiao Xian Xiong decoction" + "Fritillaria thunbergii" to strengthen the effect of cleaning lungs and removing phlegm;"Zhi Sou Powder" + "Morus alba" are adopted to strengthen the effect of relieving the cough and asthma;"Frankincense + Myrrh" are used to promote blood circulation in curing the "chest pain".For the "cancer toxicity",the core of the pathogenesis of lung cancer,"hedyotis diffusa" is commonly adopted by Prof.Xiong to clear away heat,detoxify in order to anti-tumor.3.The dialectical thoughts of Prof.Xiong Jibo’s treatment of lung cancer deducted from the prescription of herbs are as follows:lung cancer arises from the accumulation of Xie qi(Pathogenic Qi)in the lungs caused by a variety of reasons.With the Xie qi stagnation for a long time,dissipating the Qi,blood& body fluid,and gathers for a long time as phlegm,the phlegm obstructs Qi movement,causing qi stagnation and blood stasis.Re xie(Pathogenic Heat),phlegm turbidity,and blood stasis are linked to the lungs,gradually developing into "cancer toxicity",comes to damage lung Yin.The main clinical symptoms are "phlegm,cough,asthma,pain",and the core of the pathogenesis is "cancer toxicity and positive deficiency".The treatment principle of "grasping the main disease and exposing the pathogenesis" is the clinical characteristic of Prof.Xiong.4.The written data specification program can improve the efficiency of data preprocessing and reduce errors;Apriori algorithm has a good feasibility and extensibility in mining the herb pairs and herb groups to study the compatibility law of TCM,which can provide reference for the collation and inheritance of the academic experiences of the distinguished veteran TCM doctors in the future.