Difference Analysis Of Intestinal Flora Related To Type 2 Diabetes Between Han And Mongolian Nationalities

Objective:Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and caused by genetic and environmental factors,which can lead to various complications such as blindness,renal failure,neuropathy,and cardiovascular disease.Serious threat to human health and life.Accumulated evidence in animal models and humans suggests that T2DM is associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota(GM),possibly because GM promotes intestinal inflammation and systemic low-grade inflammation,which in turn promotes T2DM.Based on the differences in the prevalence of diabetes among different ethnic groups and the differences in intestinal flora structure,this study explored the changes of diabetes-related intestinal flora from the relationship between intestinal flora,ethnicity and disease.Methods:We collected stool samples from 56 volunteers from three generations ofpure Han and Mongolian non-diabetes mellitus(non-DM)and type 2 diabetic patients(T2DM).After extracting the bacterial DNA,PCR amplification was performed.The V3+V4 region of the 16S rDNA gene is subjected to high-throughput sequencing of the amplified DNA.After the annotation,the vegan package was used for microbial diversity analysis,the edgeR package was used for differential OTU analysis,and the bnlearn package was used to estimate the difference in OTU correlation,so as to try to screen out the differential flora of the disease,the disease-related flora associated with the ethnic group,and the ethnic differential flora.Results:1)A total of 2,691,422 Final tags were obtained in this study.Of these,20 Han fecal samples produced 947,821 Final tags,and 36 Mongolian fecal samples produced 1,743,601 Final tags.The Han has a total of 1011 OTUs,and the Mongolian has a total of 784 OTUs.2)There were 309 differential OTUs between Han non-DM group and Mongolian non-DM group,and 149 species of Acetanaerobacterium,Acinetobacter and Actinomyces were noted at the genus level.3)T2DM and non-DM have 85 differential OTUs regardless of ethnic factors.4)There are 64 differential OTUs between Han T2DM and non-DM.There are 34 OTUs with increased abundance in Han T2DM patients,and 30 OTUs with reduced abundance in Han T2DM patients.5)Mongolian T2DM and non-DM have 58 differential OTUs.There are 33 OTUs with increased abundance in Mongolian T2DM patients,and 25 OTUs with reduced abundance in Mongolian T2DM patients.6)There are three intersections between the Han differential OTUs and the Mongolian differential OTUs,namely OTU151,OTU 325,OTU830,and the annotation to the genus level is Fastidiosipila,Papillibacter,Bifidobacterium.7)After removed the difference between OTUs in non-diabetic patients and did Bayesian networks,there are 44 OTUs associated with T2DM of Han,and the bacteria with increased abundance of levels include Acetatifactor,Acinetobacter,Alistipes,etc.25 genera with reduced abundance.There are 14 genera such as Alloprevotella,Anaerrotruncus,and Anaerovorax.Among them,the OTUs most closely related to the pathogenic mechanism of T2DM are OTU197(Flavonifractor),OTU577(Alistipes),OTU802(Prevotella),OTU927(Oscillibacter),OTU18/OTU40(Clostridium XlVa),OTU99(Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis).Similarly,there are 20 differential OTUs related to Mongolian T2DM,and 16 species of Bifidobacterium,Butyricimonas,Tannerella,etc.,with increased abundance,and Catabacter with reduced abundance.Among them,the most closely related to the Mongolian T2DM disease mechanism is OTU151(Fastidiosipila)and OTU70(Barnesiella).8)After the introduction of ethnic factors,OTU325(Papillibacter)and OTU830(Bifidobacterium)were further identified as T2DM bacterial markers.Conclusions:There is a difference in the intestinal flora of the Han and Mongolian populations.The potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prevention of type 2 diabetes are Papillibacter and Bifidobacterium at the genus level.In addition to the common disease markers,the Han's unique differential flora includes 37 species such as Acetatifactor,Acinetobacter,and Alistipes.The Mongolian-specific differential flora includes 15 species including Butyricimonas,Tannerella,and Alloprevotella.There are differences in the unique flora of the Han and Mongolian,suggesting that ethnic factors should be considered when studying the use of microflora as a target for the treatment of diabetes.