| The quality control of traditional Chinese medicine has always been a difficult and hot issue in the research and production of traditional Chinese medicine,and it is also an important foundation and key to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.The quality of Chinese herbal medicines are closely related to Sources,origins,harvesting and so on.Coptidis rhizoma is a large-scale medicinal material with multi-source and high-yield areas.It has a high frequency of clinical use and a large market demand.However,the methods of harvesting and processing in the producing areas and their producing areas are quite different,and the quality has been difficult to be guaranteed.It is urgent to conduct unified research and establish relevant Standard operating procedures.Research purposesIn this study,the quality-efficiency evaluation combined with the character and feature,chemical composition and biological activity was used to study the Coptidis rhizoma.And to explore the effects of the quality of Coptidis rhizoma.Provide scientific basis and data for the industrial production of Coptidis rhizoma.Research content and results1.Study on the quality of Coptidis rhizoma from different producing areasThe samples of Coptidis rhizoma were excavated from the bases of Chongqing,Sichuan and Hubei in the main producing areas,and the length,individual weight and number of branches of different origin samples were measured.And detected the 7 alkaloids(Magnolia,Pharmacopoeine,Afforestation,Epibasin,Palmatine Hydrochloride,Berberine Hydrochloride,Berberine)in samples by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)to study the quality of Coptidis rhizoma samples from different producing areas.The results showed that there were differences in the quality of Coptidis rhizorma in different habitats.The length of branches of Coptidis rhizoma from Chongqing is mostly 6～10cm,most of them were 2～5 branches,and the branches were less curved.The gap between branches is larger,and almost no fibrous root,and the surface is grayish yellow to yellow,and the content of columbamine is lower;The Coptidis rhizoma from Sichuan is similar to that from Chongqing,the branches are shorter than Chongqing Coptidis rhizoma,the length is generally 5～8cm,and mostly are single branches with a small amount of fibrous root,the surface is grayish yellow to yellow,the content of palmatine and berberine is higher.While the branches of Hubei Coptidis rhizoma are the shortest,generally 2-5cm,and the number of their branches is more than 6 branches,and the branches are tightly bundled together,the surface color is grayish yellow,and some of the sample surface is black,the content of magnoflorine and berberine are relatively low.2.Effects of Different Harvesting Periods and Processing Methods on the Quality of Coptidis rhizomaThe samples of this part were collected in Lichuan,Hubei.The samples of Coptidis rhizoma with different harvesting years or different harvesting days under the same growth period were used as the research objects.The content of seven alkaloids which were the active ingredients in Coptidis rhizoma was determined by HPLC,and each of them was analyzed to study the content changes in growth years and growth months.The epiberberine and coptisine hydrochloride were the highest at 6 years,and the other 5 alkaloids reached the highest peak at the 5th year.Magnoflorine,jatrorrhizine,epiberberine,palmatine hydrochloride and berberine all accumulated to the maximum content in the 5th year in October,and coptisine hydrochloride had the maximum content in September and October.With the delay of the harvest period,the content is gradually decreasing,especially after October.However,the content of columbamine decreased not obviously in September,October and November,and suddenly increased to the maximum content between November and December.Comprehensive studied the factors,and finally determined the best harvesting period of Coptidis rhizoma is to harvest five-year-old Coptidis rhizoma in October.Based on the research of the best harvesting period of Coptidis rhizoma.Taking the content of 7 alkaloids as the evaluation index,the effects of traditional processing methods,modern processing methods and natural drying methods and different drying temperatures on the quality of Coptidis rhizoma were further studied.The results showed that the total alkaloid content of Coptidis chinensis samples dried at 40 ℃ was close to that of natural dried Coptidis rhizoma,and the content was the highest.The content of some alkaloids in Coptidis rhizoma samples increased and some decreased at 60-120 ℃,but the total content has no obvious change.However,the contents of epiberberine,coptisine hydrochloride,palmatine hydrochloride and berberine were significantly decreased at 150℃ and 200℃.Through this research and combined with the actual situation.It is recommended to use a 40 ℃ vacuum drying oven to dry the Coptidis chinensis.3.Correlation between the color of Coptidis rhizoma powder and its active ingredientsThrough the research on the processing method of Coptidis rhizoma,it was found that the color of the cross section of Coptidis rhizoma under high temperature drying changed greatly,from yellow or orange to reddish brown,and some chemical components also changed,revealing the correlation between the color and chemical content of Coptidis rhizoma powder.In this study,UV vis spectroscopy and HPLC were used to determine the L*,a*,b*values and the content of 7 alkaloids in 32 batches of Coptidis rhizoma powder.Analyzed the correlation between the factors by SPSS24.0.By studying the correlation between the color value of Coptidis powder color and the content of 7 alkaloids,it was found that L*value and a*value were only significantly correlated with jatrorrhizine,but had no significant correlation with other six alkaloids.The b*value is significantly correlated with jatrorrhizine,epiberberine,and coptisine hydrochloride.As the b*value increases,the color of berberine powder gradually approaches orange-yellow,and the higher the content of these three chemical components.In addition,the drying temperature has a great influence on the color.The higher the drying temperature,the closer the color of the powder is to reddish brown,and the b*value also decreases with the increase of temperature.4.Research on harvesting and processing of Coptidis rhizoma based on biopotencyIn this chapter,the samples of Coptidis rhizoma with different harvesting periods and different processing methods were used as the research objects.Determination of OD values of four representative intestinal flora(Enterobacter,Enterococcus,Lactobacillus,and the experimental group),and drawing the growth curve of the flora to study the harvesting period and processing methods on the biological activity of Coptidis rhizoma.The results showed:1)The water extract of Coptidis rhizoma had obvious inhibitory effects on Enterobacter and Enterococcus in two intestinal pathogens.The samples of Coptidis rhizoma in different harvesting period have significant inhibitory effects on Enterobacter(compared with the blank group,P≤0.05).The effect of Coptidis rhizoma on the flora in different harvesting periods is significantly different(6 years>5 years>4 years>3 years).2)The inhibitory effect of the water extract of Coptidis rhizoma with different growth years on Enterococcus was more obvious(compared with the blank group,P≤0.01),and there was no significant difference between the samples with different growth years.Explained that Enterococcus was a sensitive strain of Coptidis rhizoma water extract.3)The effects of the growth of the two intestinal probiotics Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were firstly promoted and then inhibited,which showed a significant promotion at 0～4h,but after 4h,the promoting effect gradually weakened and gradually changed.In order to inhibit the effect,the difference in promoting effect between the groups of 0-4h was not obvious:6 years old>5 years old≈4 years old≈3 years old,and 4 hours later,the inhibitory effect was opposite to that of the other groups:6 years old<5 years old≈4 years old≈3 years old.4)The effects of different processing methods of Coptidis chinensis on four intestinal flora are different.The samples treated with mechanical open flame,dried at 150 ℃ and dried at 200 ℃ had weaker inhibitory effect on Enterobacter,and there was no significant difference compared with the blank group(P>0.05).The other groups had strong inhibitory effects.There was a significant difference in the blank group(P ≤ 0.05);each drug-administered group had a strong inhibitory effect on Enterococcus,and compared with other drug-administered groups,the sample with high-temperature dryness had a weaker inhibitory effect;Bifidobacteria,except for the(200 ℃ dry group),showed a tendency to promote after the inhibition,while the dried sample at 200 ℃ showed no promotion at any time.5)Correlation analysis results showed that the contribution of coptisine hydrochloride,epiberberine and jatrorrhizine to the growth of Enterobacter and Lactobacillus is relatively high.Magnoflorine and jatrorrhizine had a great influence on the growth of Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium.conclusionIn this study,the effects of Coptidis rhizoma’s appearance,chemical composition and biopotency on the quality of Coptidis rhizoma harvesting and processing methods were studied.The results showed that the chemical content of Coptidis rhizoma with short growth period and dried with high temperature was relatively low.And the promotion and inhibition effects on the flora were not obvious.Therefore,through this study,it was believed that the best harvesting period of Coptidis rhizoma is to harvest five-year-old Coptis in October,and it was recommended to use vacuum drying at 40 ℃.The results of this experiment provide basic data support for the primary processing and quality control of Coptidis rhizoma. |
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