A Study On The Biological Characteristics Of The Mongolian Medicine Papaver Somniferum Pollination

Papaver nudicaule L.,a perennial herbaceous plant,mainly distributed in Inner Mongolia,Shanxi and Northeast regions of China,the medicinal part of which is flower.It has been used as herbal medicine commonly in ethnic Mongolian territory,whereas the wild resources of P.nudicaule has been decreasing rapidly in recent years.The experiment was finished in Cai mu shan Village,Duo lun County,Xilin Gol League,the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Different methods such as field and microscopic observations and laboratory measurement were adopted,the details and results are as follows:The early stage of flowering started from May 25th to June 3rd,the peak of flowering was during June to July,the late stage of which was during July 18th to August 4th.The average flowering duration was 4～7d,the flowers usually blossomed before 9 A.M..Pollen viability was 76.06%and stigma receptivity was high before flowering and it maintained for 5 days.On the 5th day,the pollen viability was rare and stigma receptivity was bare.The Out-Crossing Index(OCI)was 4,which showed that it was partially self-compatible,outcrossing,demanding for pollinators.By establishing the number of the pollen grains and ovules,P:O ratio was 123.14±68.30,reflects that the breeding system of P.nudicaule was Facultative autogamy.It was found that the breeding system was cross-pollination,facultative autogamy by Bagging experiment.P.nudicaule was determined to be insect-pollinated flowers by observing the pollinators.23 species of Hexapoda and 1 species of Arachnoidea were recorded as visitors,3 of them were effective visitors,such as Bombus lucorum L.,Apiscerana fabricius L.and Melanostoma mellinum Pallas..The highest visiting frequency in the day was observed at 6:00～10:00 A.M.The attracts of pollination was their petal and the rewards was pollen and nectar.The size of the seeds was tiny,the length was 0.699±0.07 mm,and the width was 0.38±0.04 mm.Thousand Kernel Weight(TKW)is 59.031±7.96 mg.The germination characteristics experiment showed that after the 3 rd day,the seed started to grow,and the germination stopped on the 11th day.The germination percentage was high by seed soaking and TP culture method(Top of paper).