Pollination Ecology And Adaptation Research Of Four Impatiens L.（Balsaminaceae）

Southwest China is one of the five major distribution regions of Impatiens in the world,with more than 270 species.The floral structure of Impatiens is highly delicate and variable,and the polymorphic flower color shows the adaptability to pollinators,which is an ideal material to study plant evolution.In this study,we selects Impatiens uliginosa Franch.,Impatiens mengtszeana Hook.f.and Impatiens malipoensis S.H.Huang born in Laoshan Nature Reserve,Malipo County,Yunnan Province and the Impatiens blepharosepala Pritz.ex Diels born at the main peak of Jiucaiping,Hezhang County,Guizhou Province,to study interspecies pollination ecology of the genus.The following problems will be solved:（1）What are the main pollinators of the four species of Impatiens,and whether there is any difference?（2）What is the breeding system of Impatiens and why is the seed setting rate of I.blepharosepala lower in natural state?（3）Do differences in intraspecific colors affect the behavior of pollinators and reproductive success of plant?（4）How do the different flower structures attract the pollinators? In order to enrich the pollination ecology and phylogenetic data of Impatiens based on previous research,and to provide the corresponding theoretical basis for the reproduction,conservation,evolution and resource exploitation of this genus.The main results are as follows: The main pollinators of I.uliginosa and I.malipoensis are Bombus breviceps;The main pollinators of I.mengtszeana and I.blepharosepala is Bombus sp.and Bombus festivus respectively.The four Impatiens species have mixed breeding system of selfing and outcrossing.Pollen quantity and the climatic conditions of the habitat lead to the low seed set rate of I.blepharosepala in the natural state.Bombus festivus have different visiting frequencies to two different color of I.blepharosepala growing together.Combining the spectroscopic data of different colors measured by ocean spectrometer and used R software to construct the structure map of bumblebee visuospatial model,the results show that the crimson petals has a more expressive advantage in the vision of Bombus festivus.Lower sepal of I.uliginosa may be an important flower structure in its flower composition,which plays an important role in guiding pollen transmission by pollinators and ensuring the effectiveness of successful pollination.