The Spatial Distribution Characteristics Of Reference Values ??of Glycosylated Hemoglobin And Fasting Blood Glucose In Healthy People

In recent years,the rise of morbidity and mortality of chronic diseases which seriously threatens the health of Chinese residents.The increased intake of carbohydrates leads to the rise of blood glucose which may induce the diabetes,influencing the human health.Clinical medical research has shown that glycated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose are the excellent indicators for the diagnosis of diabetes.At present,the clinical research on glycosylated hemoglobin content and fasting blood glucose mainly focuses on the physiological mechanism,but little information is available on how influence of geographical environment effect on these two medical factors.In addition,there is currently only a reference range for the healthy values of glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose levels at the national scale,but there is not a standard reference values range in different regions.Based on above,this study investigated the relationship between glycated hemoglobin,fasting blood glucose and geographic factors from the perspective of geography,and aimed to provide reference values for glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose for healthy people in different regions,and analyze the influence of geographical environment on two medical indicators.This study collected glycosylated hemoglobin data from 69.127 healthy adults in 129 cities or counties and fasting blood glucose data from 11,120 healthy adults in 103 cities or counties.Meanwhile,23 geographical factors including longitude(X1),latitude(X2),altitude(X3),annual sunshine hours(X4),annual average temperature(XS),annual average relative humidity(X6),annual precipitation(X7),temperature comparison Difference(X8),annual mean wind speed(X9),topsoil gravel percentage(X10),topsoil particle percentage(X11),topsoil clay percentage(X12),topsoil reference capacity(X13),topsoil bulk density(X14),topsoil Gravel content(X15),topsoil organic matter(X16),topsoil pH(X17),topsoil clay cation exchange capacity(X18),topsoil particle cation exchange capacity(X19),topsoil base saturation(X20),topsoil exchange 23 geographical factors such as quantity(X21),topsoil alkalinity(X22)and topsoil salt(X23)were didentified.Spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed with ArcGIS 10.2 to determine the feasibility of spatial analysis of sample data.Through correlation analysis,the geographical factors related to medical indicators are screened out.Based on the results of the collinearity diagnosis,the appropriate prediction model is selected and constructed.The optimal model is determined according to the accuracy of each prediction model,and the selected prediction model is used to predict the reference values of two medical indicators in 2322 cities nationwide,and the spatial distribution trend of them was spatially interpolated using Arcmap.Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the glycosylated hemoglobin content and fasting blood glucose had strong spatial autocorrelation.Correlation analysis showed that glycated hemoglobin reference value was significantly correlated with six geographical factors including latitude(X2),annual sunshine hours(X4),annual average temperature(X5),annual precipitation(X7),temperature difference(X8),and topsoil clay cation exchange(X18).Fasting blood glucose is significantly correlated with five geographical factors including longitude(X1),annual mean wind speed(X9),surface clay cation exchange capacity(X18),topsoil silt exchange capacity(X19),and topsoil base saturation(X20).Through the collinearity test,it is found that there are multiple collinearity problems between the independent variables of the glycosylated hemoglobin content and fasting blood glucose models.Therefore,the ridge regression model,principal component model and support vector machine model are selected to predict the medical indicators.Through the model accuracy test we found that the ridge regression model is the optimal model for predicting two medical indicators.The spatial distribution trend graph of the two indicators,the reference value of glycated hemoglobin is a trend of high in the south and low in the north;the fasting blood glucose is in the trend of high west and low east.By comparing the differences between regions revealed that the reference values of the two medical indicators are displayed in sections.Combintion of the results of the human body research and the environmental changes,the spatial distribution of reference values of glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose in Chinese healthy people is mainly caused by the different geographical environments..In conclusion,our research elucidated the differences in the reference values of glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting blood glucose from Chinese healthy people in geographical way,and establishing reference standards for differences in different regions,which provides a scientific basis for clinical diagnosis.