Study On The Poverty Reduction Mechanism And Effect Of Urbanization From The Urban-rural Integration

Since China's reform and opening up,the economy has steadily improved,the degree of urbanization continues to deepen,and residents ' income has increased significantly.While urbanization is gradually advancing and the economy is growing rapidly,China has implemented a series of measures to solve the problem of poverty.In order to lay a solid battle for poverty alleviation and effectively meet the needs of the poor,China began implementing a precision poverty alleviation strategy in 2015,and proposed the development goal of all rural population under the current national standard to achieve poverty alleviation by 2020.With the gradual advancement of urbanization in China,the multi-faceted structure of population,economy,and society has begun to appear to be characterized by diversified development.Therefore,the measurement of the incidence of poverty in China and the policy support for the urban and rural poor need to be adjusted accordingly.At the present stage,research on the policy support that should be given by the Chinese researchers to the poor population is mainly focused on rural poverty.It pays less attention to the new poverty groups formed by the urban poverty and urbanization process.It is also mainly dependent on the income line promulgated by the state as the only measure standard.It lacks attention to the multi-dimensional poverty of education,health,and life of farmers,cities,and urban workers;and the domestic research on poverty reduction mechanisms is mainly based on dominant forces of urban and government and lack of research on urban and rural transmission mechanisms in the process of urbanization.This paper theoretically explains the mechanism and effect of urbanization poverty reduction,and divides the theoretical mechanisms of urbanization poverty reduction mechanisms and effects into two levels: generality and specificity.The general analysis is devoted to the mechanism analysis of the effects of different transmission variables on the mechanism and effect of poverty reduction on the basis of the connotation and classification of urbanization and poverty.Particularity analysis aims to analyze the mechanisms and effects of poverty reduction through urbanization in terms of population,economy,society,lifestyle,etc.,in combination with reality.Due to limited urban carrying capacity,unbalanced industrial development and different stages of urbanization development have led to a series of factors that inhibit the urbanization of poverty reduction.Through empirical tools,it tests the generality and particularity ofurbanization poverty reduction mechanisms and effects,discovers the existence of sub-characteristic and stage-by-stage poverty reduction mechanisms for urbanization,and proposes different policy priorities for different regions.And always pay attention to the development stage of urbanization and pay attention to the Henderson turning point and the measurement of urban carrying capacity.The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The theoretical part tries to explore the mechanism of urbanization on poverty reduction and the possible comprehensive effects from the general analysis under ideal conditions and the specificity analysis under different stages of development and different regional characteristics.The general analysis analyzes the principle of reducing the incidence of poverty in urban and rural areas from the concentration of labor,the flow of technical knowledge,the adjustment of industrial structure,and the equalization of public services brought about by the urbanization of population,economic non-agriculturalization,social urbanization,and the modernization of life involved in urbanization.The specificity analysis mainly includes two aspects: phased analysis and regional characteristics analysis.On the one hand,the existence of Henderson inflection point was deduced through the production and consumption theory,and combined with the FGT poverty calculation formula,it was deduced that different stages of urbanization development have different effects on poverty reduction.On the other hand,the analysis of the reasons for the emergence of “new impoverished people” in the process of urbanization has analyzed the reasons that may affect or restrict the effect of urbanization on poverty reduction through limited urban carrying capacity,poor urban-rural communication,and urban-rural dual structure constraints.(2)The empirical analysis adopts the micro survey data of household income in CHNS,and uses the methods of econometric analysis to test the generality and particularity of the urbanization poverty reduction mechanism.As a result,it was found that from the general analysis,the flow of population and increase,the adjustment of industrial structure,the sharing of social infrastructure,and the flow of information technology have different effects on the poverty reduction effect of urbanization.As a whole,the urbanization process is conducive to the reduction of urban and rural areas.Poor,individual indicators such as rural population growth have a negative effect on urban and rural poverty reduction.From the particularity test,it is verified that the impact of the Henderson theory derived from urbanization on the urban-rural povertyincidence is positive,that is,the effect of urbanization on poverty reduction is an“inverted U-shaped” curve.(3)On the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis,it is proposed that the urbanization of urban and rural areas should be promoted from different conductive elements to urbanization.At the same time,it is necessary to pay close attention to the development stages of urbanization in different regions and actively improve the urban and rural infrastructure construction,increase the exchange of information technology in urban and rural areas,job training and other measures to achieve orderly and focused efforts to promote urbanization in order to maximize the effectiveness of urbanization to reduce poverty.