The Pattern,Evolution And Mechanism Of Income Gap Between Urban And Rural Areas In China

The problem of excessive income disparity between urban and rural residents has becomed a prominent issue that affects China's social stability and economic health,coordination and sustainable development.Based on the relevant research status at home and abroad,this paper describes and analyzes the spatial distribution pattern and spatial-temporal evolution of the income gap between urban and rural residents in 280 prefecture-level cities in China,and constructs an analytical framework to analyze the formation mechanism of income gap between urban and rural residents in China.This paper deeply analyzes the formation mechanism of the income gap between urban and rural residents in China,and builds a spatial panel Doberman model to estimate the actual impact of various factors affecting the income gap between urban and rural residents in China,and completes an empirical test of the above formation mechanism.Urban residents' income and income of rural residents in China all have obvious spatial differentiation characteristics,presenting a spatial pattern that gradually decreases from the coast to the inland and forming a circle structure that is high-income urban as the center and low-income city as the periphery around the country.After a series of evolutions in time and space,the spatial pattern of the absolute income gap between urban and rural residents in China appears to be the highest in the east,lower in the central region,and polarized in the west and northeast.The spatial pattern of the relative income gap between urban and rural residents is the lowest in the northeast,lower in the middle and east,and the highest in the west.There are many reasons for the formation and expansion of the income gap between urban and rural residents in China.The difference in economic development pattern determines the basis for the income gap between urban and rural residents.the dual economic structure is the root cause of the income gap between urban and rural residents.The institutions and policies such as household registration,trade,finance,finance,education,and social security that are oriented toward cities exacerbate the income gap between urban and rural residents in China.Under the market economy system,foreign trade has a two-way regulatory effect on the income gap between urban and rural residents.Empirical analysis shows that there is significant spatial autocorrelation in the income gap between urban and rural residents in China.The level of economic development and duality of the prefecture-level cities,the service rate of the industrial structure,the efficiency of financial development,the degree of intervention of the prefecture-level municipal governments in the economy and society,and the expenditure of public finances in education have positive effects on the urbanrural income gap.The strength of fixed-asset investment and the level of foreign trade in prefecture-level cities have a negative impact on the income gap between urban and rural residents.Among the above-mentioned influencing factors,the economic development level of prefecture-level cities and the service rate of the industrial structure have a negative spatial spillover effect on other prefecture-level cities,and other influencing factors have a positive spatial spillover effect on other prefecturelevel cities.Finally,this paper presents the policy implications about promoting urban-rural integration,reforming the household registration system of employment,developing rural education,optimizing rural industrial structure and improving the system of public finance.