| Manufacturing is the main body of the national economy,is the foundation underlying all our efforts to build the country,is the carrier of revitalization of the country,is the base of power.From the open industrial civilization since the middle of the eighteenth century,the world's great powers rise and the struggles of the Chinese nation has repeatedly proved that without a strong manufacturing industry,there is no country and nation is strong.For our country,to build internationally competitive manufacturing is the necessary way to promote the comprehensive national strength,to guarantee national security and to build a world power.However,China's manufacturing industry is facing “internal and external troubles”.Internal troubles : Working-age population shrinking,the general level of wages rise,cause the demographic dividend gradually disappear;Energy resources and environment constraints impose a heave strain on the industrial structure upgrade and technological progress;Since competition is aggravated day by day in domestic market,change of organization process and innovation of management system are crying needs.External troubles: The emerging manufacturing such as Bangladesh and India,monopolizing manufacturing links increasingly relying on the lower labor cost advantage;Developed countries such as the United States are improving and promoting the manufacturing technology constantly in the process of returning to the real economy.On the other hand,the development of China's manufacturing sector also coincides with the "right place,right time".The right time: Our country is in the midst of a middle industrialization,industrialization of continuous advance will provide a broader space for the development of manufacturing industry;At present in China is gradually accelerating urbanization process,urban public facilities and the rural infrastructure needs also brings large domestic market in manufacturing products.The right place: In China very unequal economic development,manufacturing industry will play a central role in speeding up the development of the western region;Transformation and upgrading of industrial structure in China,is bound to put forward higher requirements on the efficiency of manufacturing.It is under the background of "the right place,right time" and “internal and external troubles”,hope for a growth rate of labor and capital inputs and total factor productivity research that can provide theoretical guidance for manufacturing productivity and serve for industrial upgrading and enhance the competitiveness of economic development.In view of this,this article first analyzed the status quo of manufacturing productivity in 2013 from the angle of each segment industry and segment province by factor analysis method.Its characteristic performance for manufacturing structure optimized constantly,the eastern manufacturing strength significantly better than that of the central and western,and the western manufacturing strength catch up with that of the central,the strength of manufacturing had no obvious gradient difference between the central and the western.Moreover,based on the scores of factor analysis method,we can use clustering analysis method to analyze from segment industry and provinces aspect.31 industry can be divided into high technology,resource dependence,traditional manufacturing,and 31 provinces can be divided into the leading comprehensive strength,science and technology leading,the average class comprehensive strength,labor leading,comprehensive strength is relatively lags behind,laid a foundation for putting forward targeted promotion proposal later.Subsequently,according to a 1998-2013 industrial labor,capital and output data,we calculate the single factor productivity in China's manufacturing year by year using C-D production function method and combining with the data description,the result reveals the problems of capital productivity and labor productivity during the process of China's manufacturing development.The contribution of capital input on the economic efficiency has been being weakened gradually,China's manufacturing industry driving by investment to economic growth can no longer continue.From 2013 industry performance,low technology manufacturing capital benefit is generally better than that of the high technology manufacturing industry,equipment manufacturing industry much below average;From regional performance in 2013,the highest capital efficiency in central,east second,west than the worst;The growth of labor productivity is experiencing a trend of declining and the values of labor productivity among different regions and industries are almost the same.Then,we calculate the total factor productivity,technical efficiency and the rate of technological progress in different industries by DEA-Malmquist method.In terms of comprehensive,the growth of total factor productivity depends on the growth of high technology manufacturing,and mainly on technological progress,technology efficiency isn't improved significantly.Every industry technology progress is remarkable but the technical efficiency is generally not high,and there exists significant difference between industries.Further,through the comparison with the developed countries in aspects of industrial structure,R&D and manufacturing productivity,the results show that,total quantity growth of manufacturing industry in our country is fast,but the textile industry was a major source of growth;Pay more attention to research and development,but the r&d input is still insufficient.Capital and labor productivity significantly lower than that of developed economies.Finally,according to the manufacturing of the status quo and future development trend,this paper puts forward five corresponding countermeasures about manufacturing productivity promotion.First,equipment manufacturing industry should be energetically developed to improve the ability of technology innovation and efficient use of resources.Second,industrialization and urbanization provide fertile soil for manufacturing development,currencies should be sent back to mainland to expand the market size.Third,technology progress and efficiency improvement should be equal emphasized to promote the TFP Fourth,factors flow blockages should be unblocked and factor replacement effect should be more effective to improve the backward production capacity,the heterogeneity of industry should be attached great importance and the strategies should be carried out according to the characteristics.Last,industrial foundation and strength of different provinces should be taken into consideration in the process of raising productivity.According to the perspective of industry and region,this paper analyzed the single factor productivity and total factor productivity of China's manufacturing industry,which provides a new perspective for future related research,as the total factor productivity of industry economics research adds based on empirical experience in China.On the other hand,the source of the total factor productivity including technological progress and innovation,specialization,and the allocation of resources,management,etc.This paper analyzes the manufacturing of total factor productivity and its growth rate from1998 to 2013.Through this,we can further explore the present situation of our manufacturing technology progress and technical efficiency improvement in the process of development,and for the future of manufacturing technology upgrade to provide relevant theory support. |
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